FB2026_03 , released September 17, 2026
FB2026_03 , released September 17, 2026
CV Term Report
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General Information
Term proventriculus ID (Ontology) FBbt:00005752 (Fly Anatomy)
Definition Bulb-shaped organ at the junction of the foregut and midgut that regulates the passage of food into the midgut. The proventriculus folds back on itself to produce three epithelial layers: internally the posterior region of the esophagus, an intermediate (recurrent) layer, derived from the ectodermal foregut and the midgut, and an external anterior projection of the endodermal midgut, which grows over the esophageal region. The inner two layers form the gastric valve (cardial valve) while the outer layer is defined as the wall of the proventriculus. The cuticle that lines the inner wall is thicker than other regions in the cardia, and it forms several longitudinal folds, causing the esophageal lumen to appear irregular in cross section. Between the intermediate and outer wall is the cardia lumen, which opens posteriorly into the lumen of the midgut. The anterior region secretes the peritrophic membrane into the cardia lumen. The epithelium is surrounded by a thin tunic of striated muscle fibers.[ FlyBase:FBrf0007732 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0048518 FlyBase:FBrf0064792 ]
Also Known As "cardia"
Comment This structure is more correctly referred to as the 'cardia'. Strictly, proventriculus refers to a modification of the foregut, just anterior to the stomodeal valve, found in many insects. Drosophila has no such foregut modification (Miller, 1950). However, the term 'proventriculus' is the one most commonly used for this structure.
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Data ClassFieldDirect annotations
Alleles (FBal)PHENOTYPE_MANIFEST_IN
Insertions (FBti)EXPRESSION_STAGE_TISSUE_POSITION
Insertions (FBti)PHENOTYPE_MANIFEST_IN
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Relevant FlyBase reports
 Alleles Genes Images Insertions Constructs
 proventriculus (all annotations which use CV term, excluding "NOT" statements)
     proventriculus | adult stage
      --       --       --       --
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organ system subdivision
 |__gut section_____________
gut                         |
 |__gut section_____________|
multicellular structure     |
 |__multi-tissue structure__|
                            proventriculus  835 rec.
                             |__adult proventriculus 86 rec.
                             |   |__adult cardial muscle cell
                             |   |__adult cardial valve(+) 8 rec.
                             |   |__adult midgut cell of proventriculus(+)
                             |   |__adult proventriculus epithelium(+) 16 rec.
                             |__embryonic proventriculus 448 rec.
                             |   |__embryonic proventriculus inner layer 61 rec.
                             |   |__embryonic proventriculus intermediate layer 27 rec.
                             |   |__embryonic proventriculus outer layer 1 rec.
                             |__embryonic/larval proventriculus 293 rec.
                             |   |__embryonic/larval cardial valve
                             |   |__embryonic/larval peritrophic membrane 1 rec.
                             |   |__embryonic/larval proventriculus inner layer
                             |   |__embryonic/larval proventriculus intermediate layer(+) 1 rec.
                             |   |__embryonic/larval proventriculus outer layer(+) 12 rec.
                             |   |__peritrophic mill
                             |   |__somatic cell of embryonic/larval proventriculus(+)
                             |__peritrophic membrane 37 rec.
                             |   |__adult peritrophic membrane 26 rec.
                             |   |__embryonic peritrophic membrane
                             |   |__embryonic/larval peritrophic membrane 1 rec.
                             |__proventriculus inner layer 3 rec.
                             |   |__adult proventriculus inner layer
                             |   |__embryonic/larval proventriculus inner layer
                             |__proventriculus intermediate layer 2 rec.
                             |   |__adult proventriculus intermediate layer(+)
                             |   |__embryonic/larval proventriculus intermediate layer(+) 1 rec.
                             |__proventriculus outer layer 16 rec.
                                 |__adult proventriculus outer layer(+)
                                 |__embryonic/larval proventriculus outer layer(+) 12 rec.
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