Azzaz, A.M., Vitalini, M.W., Thomas, A.S., Price, J.P., Blacketer, M.J., Cryderman, D.E., Zirbel, L.N., Woodcock, C.L., Elcock, A.H., Wallrath, L.L., Shogren-Knaak, M.A. (2014). Human heterochromatin protein 1α promotes nucleosome associations that drive chromatin condensation.  J. Biol. Chem. 289(10): 6850--6861.

FBrf0224849

Research paper

HP1(Hsα)-containing heterochromatin is located near centric regions of chromosomes and regulates DNA-mediated processes such as DNA repair and transcription. The higher-order structure of heterochromatin contributes to this regulation, yet the structure of heterochromatin is not well understood. We took a multidisciplinary approach to determine how HP1(Hsα)-nucleosome interactions contribute to the structure of heterochromatin. We show that HP1(Hsα) preferentially binds histone H3K9Me3-containing nucleosomal arrays in favor of non-methylated nucleosomal arrays and that nonspecific DNA interactions and pre-existing chromatin compaction promote binding. The chromo and chromo shadow domains of HP1(Hsα) play an essential role in HP1(Hsα)-nucleosome interactions, whereas the hinge region appears to have a less significant role. Electron microscopy of HP1(Hsα)-associated nucleosomal arrays showed that HP1(Hsα) caused nucleosome associations within an array, facilitating chromatin condensation. Differential sedimentation of HP1(Hsα)-associated nucleosomal arrays showed that HP1(Hsα) promotes interactions between arrays. These strand-to-strand interactions are supported by in vivo studies where tethering the Drosophila homologue HP1a to specific sites promotes interactions with distant chromosomal sites. Our findings demonstrate that HP1(Hsα)-nucleosome interactions cause chromatin condensation, a process that regulates many chromosome events.

PMC3945347 (PMC) (EuropePMC)