FB2026_03 , released September 17, 2026
CV Term Report
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General Information
Term malate-aspartate shuttle ID (Ontology) GO:0043490 (Gene Ontology)
Definition The process of transferring reducing equivalents from NADH in the cytosol to the mitochondria via malate. Cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase converts aspartate to oxaloacetate, and cytosolic malate dehydrogenase uses NADH to convert oxaloacetate to malate in the cytosol; the malate-alpha-ketoglutarate carrier then transports the malate into the mitochondria where mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase uses NAD to convert malate back to oxaloacetate; the electrons on the reduced NADH are then available for use in the electron transport chain; mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase converts oxaloacetate to aspartate, and the glutamate-aspartate carrier transports the aspartate back to the cytosol to complete the cycle.[ PubMed:16368075 ]
Also Known As"malate aspartate shuttle" ; "malate/aspartate shuttle" ; "malate:aspartate shuttle"
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Data ClassFieldDirect annotations
Genes (FBgn)GO_BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS
Genes (FBgn)GO_CELLULAR_COMPONENT
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 malate-aspartate shuttle (all annotations which use CV term, excluding "NOT" statements)
     involved_in | malate-aspartate shuttle       --
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purine nucleotide metabolic process________
nicotinamide nucleotide metabolic process__|
                                           NAD+ metabolic process
                                            |__malate-aspartate shuttle  9 rec.
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Is a NAD+ metabolic process
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Synonyms
  • "malate aspartate shuttle" EXACT
    "malate/aspartate shuttle" EXACT
    "malate:aspartate shuttle" EXACT
Secondary IDs
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MetaCyc:MALATE-ASPARTATE-SHUTTLE-PWY
Reactome:R-HSA-9856872 "Malate-aspartate shuttle"
Wikipedia:Malate-aspartate_shuttle