Expression of Sulf1^Scer\UAS.cKa under the control of any of the following: Scer\GAL4^tub.PU, Scer\GAL4^{Myo31DF-NP0001} or Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PU (each combined with tub-Gal80[ts] to limit the time of expression to adulthood) results in decreased number of mitotic cells at 3 days post infection during the regenerative process induced by infection with Pseudomonas entomophila, as compared to controls.

Expression of Sulf1^Scer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 results in defects in the apposition of the two surfaces of the wing and a reduction of the spacing between veins L3 and L4.

Expression of Sulf1^Scer\UAS.cKa in the wing disc under the control of Scer\GAL4^bbg-C96 or Scer\GAL4^A9 results in a significantly reduced number of wing margin bristles.

Expression of Sulf1^Scer\UAS.cKa in the wing disc under the control of Scer\GAL4^en.PU or Scer\GAL4^hh.PU results in a notched-wing phenotype.

Expression of Sulf1^Scer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 or Scer\GAL4^hh.PU results in a reduction in wing size in the domain of expression.

Wings from animals expressing Sulf1^Scer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4^en.PU lack crossveins, or display incomplete anterior and posterior crossveins, and defects in longitudinal veins L4 and L5 are also evident.

Disaccharide profiling of heparan sulfate from Sulf1^Scer\UAS.cKa/Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI animals shows a significant reduction in the level of 6-O sulfation without a compensatory increase of other sulfate groups. As a result, the total sulfate level is reduced in these animals to approximately 76.3% of the wild-type level.

Embryos expressing Sulf1^Scer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI exhibit 71% lethality.

Embryos expressing Sulf1^Scer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4^btl.PS exhibit a dramatically reduced tracheoblast.