The V1 domain of V-ATPases is a peripheral membrane domain composed of eight different subunits (A-H) that are expressed as multiple isoforms in a tissue-specific manner. The V1 domain is responsible for ATP hydrolysis - the A and B subunits form a hexameric ring and ATP hydrolysis occurs at catalytic sites contributed by the A subunits. The other V1 subunits provide regulatory functions and/or interact with the V0 domain. (Adapted from
PMID:20450191 and
FBrf0188241).