The RAS superfamily of small GTPases are GDP/GTP-regulated molecular switches. GDP/GTP cycling is controlled by two main classes of regulatory protein: Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEF) and GTPase Activating Proteins (GAP). Ras GTPases are active in their GTP bound form - GAPs accelerate the rate of GTP hydrolysis to bring about an end to activation. (Adapted from
FBrf0158741 and
PMID:15731001).