Atg12 is a ubiquitin-like protein that is conjugated to Atg5 by Atg7 (an E1-like protein) and Atg10 (an E2-like protein). The Atg12-Atg5 conjugate localizes to the developing autophagosome where it acts as an E3-like enzyme to facilitate the lipidation of Atg8 (another ubiquitin-like protein) and direct its correct subcellular localization. (Adapted from PMID:18704115 and PMID:31901645.)
Notes on Group
The ATG12 PROTEINS gene group contains only one member.