The Sorting and Assembly Machinery (SAM) complex is a mitochondrial membrane complex required for the insertion of β-barrel proteins into the outer membrane. Mitochondrial outer membrane β-barrel proteins are translated in the cytosol, imported via the TOM complex into the intermitochondrial membrane space where they are chaperoned by the mitochondrial intermembrane space protein transporter complex to the SAM complex which mediates their folding and membrane insertion. (Adapted from PMID:36604501.)