FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\bnb
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\bnb
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
bangles and beads
Annotation Symbol
CG7088
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0001090
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
3 publicly available
Gene Summary
May play an important role during development. (UniProt, P29746)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

Gap43

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
17D6-17D6
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-60
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:18794246..18797687
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (1 term)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in gliogenesis
inferred from expression pattern
(Egger et al., 2002)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
    -
    Summaries
    Protein Function (UniProtKB)
    May play an important role during development.
    (UniProt, P29746)
    Gene Model and Products
    Number of Transcripts
    4
    Number of Unique Polypeptides
    1

    Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\bnb for information on other features

    To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

    Protein Domains (via Pfam)
    Isoform displayed:
    Pfam protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Protein Domains (via SMART)
    Isoform displayed:
    SMART protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Structure
    Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P29746)

    If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
    Model Confidence:
    • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
    • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
    • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
    • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

    AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

    Experimentally Determined Structures
    Crossreferences
    Comments on Gene Model

    Gene model reviewed during 5.52

    Transcript Data
    Annotated Transcripts
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    RefSeq ID
    Length (nt)
    Assoc. CDS (aa)
    bnb-RA
    FBtr0074658
    NM_167633
    2095
    442
    bnb-RB
    FBtr0074656
    NM_167634
    2406
    442
    bnb-RC
    FBtr0074657
    NM_078682
    1947
    442
    bnb-RD
    FBtr0074659
    NM_167635
    1853
    442
    Additional Transcript Data and Comments
    Reported size (kB)

    2.4, 2.0 (northern blot)

    (Ng et al., 1989)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Polypeptide Data
    Annotated Polypeptides
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    Predicted MW (kDa)
    Length (aa)
    Theoretical pI
    UniProt
    RefSeq ID
    GenBank
    bnb-PA
    FBpp0074429
    45.8
    442
    4.30
    P29746
    NP_728201
    AAN09476
    bnb-PB
    FBpp0074427
    45.8
    442
    4.30
    P29746
    NP_728202
    AAF48888
    bnb-PC
    FBpp0074428
    45.8
    442
    4.30
    P29746
    NP_523406
    AAN09477
    bnb-PD
    FBpp0074430
    45.8
    442
    4.30
    P29746
    NP_728203
    AAN09478
    Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

    The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

    442 aa isoforms: bnb-PA, bnb-PB, bnb-PC, bnb-PD
    Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
    Reported size (kDa)

    441 (aa)

    (Ng et al., 1989)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Linkouts
    Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
    Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
     
    UniProt
    Mapped Features

    Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\bnb using the Feature Mapper tool.

    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
    Linkouts
    Expression Data
    Testis-specificity index

    The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

    -0.82

    Transcript Expression
    No Assay Recorded
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    embryonic stage
    presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
    (Ng et al., 1989)
    gnathal ganglion
    (Ng et al., 1989)
    epidermis
    (Ng et al., 1989)
    in situ
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    embryonic stage
    amnioserosa
    (Ng et al., 1989)
    glial cell
    (Ng et al., 1989)
    mesectoderm
    (Ng et al., 1989)
    supraesophageal ganglion
    (Ng et al., 1989)
    embryonic stage 4 -- 6
    anlage in statu nascendi
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    central brain anlage in statu nascendi
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    dorsal ectoderm anlage

    Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    hindgut anlage in statu nascendi
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    organism | ubiquitous
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    posterior ectoderm anlage

    Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    antennal anlage in statu nascendi

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    visual anlage in statu nascendi

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic stage 7 -- 8
    antennal anlage

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    central brain anlage

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    dorsal head epidermis anlage

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    visual anlage

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    head mesoderm
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    hindgut anlage
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    posterior endoderm
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    trunk mesoderm
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    mesectoderm anlage
    (Kearney et al., 2004)
    embryonic stage 9 -- 10
    amnioserosa
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    antennal primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    central brain primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    visual primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    dorsal head epidermis primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    lateral head epidermis primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    ventral head epidermis primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    inclusive hindgut primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    posterior endoderm
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic stage 9 -- 12
    midline primordium | subset
    (Kearney et al., 2004)
    embryonic stage 11 -- 12
    amnioserosa
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    dorsal epidermis primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    hindgut proper primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    midline primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic stage 13 -- 16
    amnioserosa
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    apoptotic amnioserosa
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic dorsal epidermis
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic ventral epidermis
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    medial-most cell body glial cell
    (Kearney et al., 2004)
    Additional Descriptive Data

    bnb transcripts are present throughout development with peaks at 4-13hr of embryogenesis and 0-24hr of pupation. Prior to dorsal closure, bnb is expressed in a number of tissues and is most prominant in the mesectoderm and in the presumptive ectoderm. Expression is highest in the dorsal most cells of the epidermis and, along the anterior posterior axis, it is most prominent just anterior to the segment borders. After dorsal closure, expression is restricted to the nervous system and occurs in a segmentally repeating pattern along the periphery of the nervous system. bnb-expressing cells in the CNS include some glial cells.

    (Ng et al., 1989)
    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Polypeptide Expression
    mass spectroscopy
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    adult stage
    adult head
    (Aradska et al., 2015)
    Additional Descriptive Data
    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Evidence
    References
    Expression Deduced from Reporters
    High-Throughput Expression Data
    Associated Tools

    JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

    View Dmel\bnb in JBrowse
    RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
    Bulk Downloads
    RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
    Reference
    See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
    Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
    Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
    External Data and Images
    Linkouts
    BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
    DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
    FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
    Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
    Images
    FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
    • Stages(s) 4-6
    • Stages(s) 7-8
    • Stages(s) 9-10
    • Stages(s) 11-12
    • Stages(s) 13-16
    FlyBase Wiki
    Image Based Resources
    Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
    Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 1 )
    For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
     
    Other relevant insertions
    Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
    For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
    Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of bnb
    Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of bnb
    Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
    Variants
    Variant Molecular Consequences
    Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
    Phenotypes
    For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
    Lethality
    Allele
    lethal | heat sensitive
    Phenotype manifest in
    Allele
    embryonic epidermis
    presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
    Orthologs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Orthologs
    Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Source
    Compara
    Domainoid
    eggNOG
    Hieranoid
    Homologene
    Inparanoid
    OMA
    OrthoDB
    OrthoFinder
    OrthoInspector
    orthoMCL
    Panther
    Phylome
    SonicParanoid
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
    Hsap\COL27A1
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    Hsap\OTOG
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Source
    Compara
    Domainoid
    eggNOG
    Hieranoid
    Homologene
    Inparanoid
    OMA
    OrthoDB
    OrthoFinder
    OrthoInspector
    orthoMCL
    Panther
    Phylome
    SonicParanoid
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
    Rnor\Pkd1l3
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
    Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
    Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
    Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
    Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
    Agam\AgaP_AGAP002399
    1 of 12
    Yes
    Yes
    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
    Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
    Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
    Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
    Data provided directly from OrthoDB:bnb. Refer to their site for version information.
    Paralogs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Paralogs
    Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Gene Symbol
    Score
    Source
    Compara
    Domainoid
    eggNOG
    Homologene
    Inparanoid
    OMA
    OrthoDB
    OrthoFinder
    OrthoInspector
    orthoMCL
    Panther
    Phylome
    SonicParanoid
    Alignment
    Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
    CG13185
    1 of 13
    Human Disease Associations
    FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
      Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
      Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
      Human Ortholog
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Interaction
      References
      Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
      Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
      Homo sapiens (Human)
      Gene name
      Score
      OMIM
      OMIM Phenotype
      DO term
      Complementation?
      Transgene?
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
      protein-protein
      Physical Interaction
      Assay
      References
      bnb - CG4198
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      bnb - RpS15Ab
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      External Data
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      X
      Recombination map
      1-60
      Cytogenetic map
      17D6-17D6
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      17D6-17D6
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}Pk17EEP438 and P{EP}EP1597
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      17E3-17E9
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Ng et al., 1989)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      1-60

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      1-59.9

      (Comeron et al., 2012)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (3)
      Genomic Clones (10)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (234)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          dsRNA has been made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene.

          (Pilot et al., 2006)

          A 6.7kb fragment including the bnb coding region, 2.6kb of upstream and 1.0kb downstream sequences, is sufficient to direct bnb epidermal ('bangles') and neural ('beads') expression.

          (Eberl et al., 1992)

          Prior to dorsal closure bnb expression is observed in the mesectoderm and presumptive epidermis in metameric pattern, expression becomes restricted after closure to segmentally reiterated sets of cells along the nervous system periphery.

          (Ng et al., 1989)
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of
          Additional comments
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: bnb CG7088

          (Li, 1999.11)
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 42 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          References (70)