FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\wac
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\wac
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
wee Augmin
Annotation Symbol
CG13879
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0035120
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
3 publicly available
Gene Summary
wee Augmin (wac) encodes a subunit of the hetero-octomeric Augmin complex, which functions to recruit the gamma-tubulin ring complex to pre-existing microtubules, facilitating microtubule-dependent microtubule nucleation. [Date last reviewed: 2018-10-18] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Augmin

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
61B3-61B3
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-1
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:258176..259097
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (12 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables microtubule binding
inferred from direct assay
(Meireles et al., 2009)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:dgt2; FB:FBgn0032390
(Meireles et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell division
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Meireles et al., 2009)
involved_in female meiotic nuclear division
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Meireles et al., 2009)
involved_in mitotic spindle-templated microtubule nucleation
inferred from direct assay
(Tariq et al., 2020)
involved_in spindle assembly involved in female meiosis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Colombié et al., 2013)
involved_in spindle assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Meireles et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in mitotic spindle assembly
inferred by curator from GO:0070652
(Chen et al., 2017)
involved_in mitotic spindle-templated microtubule nucleation
inferred by curator from GO:0070652
(Chen et al., 2017)
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of HAUS complex
inferred from direct assay
(Tariq et al., 2020, Chen et al., 2017)
located_in meiotic spindle
inferred from direct assay
(Colombié et al., 2013)
part_of protein-containing complex
inferred from direct assay
(Meireles et al., 2009)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:dgt2; FB:FBgn0032390
(Meireles et al., 2009)
located_in spindle
inferred from direct assay
(Meireles et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
    -
    Summaries
    Gene Snapshot
    wee Augmin (wac) encodes a subunit of the hetero-octomeric Augmin complex, which functions to recruit the gamma-tubulin ring complex to pre-existing microtubules, facilitating microtubule-dependent microtubule nucleation. [Date last reviewed: 2018-10-18]
    Gene Group (FlyBase)
    AUGMIN COMPLEX -
    The augmin complex (known as homologous to augmin subunits (HAUS) complex in vertebrates) is an eight-subunit protein complex involved in the mitotic spindle assembly. The augmin complex acts as an adaptor, recruiting the gamma-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) to existing spindle microtubules to nucleate branching to increase spindle density. (Adapted from PMID:36114186 and FBrf0235489.)
    Protein Function (UniProtKB)
    As part of the augmin complex, plays a role in centrosome-independent generation of spindle microtubules (PubMed:19289792). The complex is required for mitotic spindle assembly through its involvement in localizing gamma-tubulin to spindle microtubules (PubMed:19289792). wac is dispensable for somatic mitosis and for assembly of spindle microtubules in oocytes during female meiosis but is required during female meiosis for chromosome alignment and segregation (PubMed:19289792). It is required for microtubule assembly near spindle poles in oocytes (PubMed:23785300). It is also required for acentrosomal microtubule nucleation and meiotic spindle formation during male meiosis (PubMed:24829288). wac binds to microtubules in vitro (PubMed:19289792).
    (UniProt, Q9W0S8)
    Gene Model and Products
    Number of Transcripts
    3
    Number of Unique Polypeptides
    2

    Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\wac for information on other features

    To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

    Protein Domains (via Pfam)
    Isoform displayed:
    Pfam protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Protein Domains (via SMART)
    Isoform displayed:
    SMART protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Structure
    Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9W0S8)

    If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
    Model Confidence:
    • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
    • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
    • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
    • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

    AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

    Experimentally Determined Structures
    Crossreferences
    Comments on Gene Model

    Gene model reviewed during 5.45

    Transcript Data
    Annotated Transcripts
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    RefSeq ID
    Length (nt)
    Assoc. CDS (aa)
    wac-RB
    FBtr0289972
    NM_138176
    634
    163
    wac-RC
    FBtr0300711
    NM_001169835
    633
    150
    wac-RD
    FBtr0332106
    NM_001274265
    808
    163
    Additional Transcript Data and Comments
    Reported size (kB)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Polypeptide Data
    Annotated Polypeptides
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    Predicted MW (kDa)
    Length (aa)
    Theoretical pI
    UniProt
    RefSeq ID
    GenBank
    wac-PB
    FBpp0288410
    19.1
    163
    4.92
    Q9W0S8
    NP_612020
    AAF47365
    wac-PC
    FBpp0289935
    17.5
    150
    5.06
    E1JHV2
    NP_001163306
    ACZ94578
    wac-PD
    FBpp0304416
    19.1
    163
    4.92
    Q9W0S8
    NP_001261194
    AGB93889
    Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

    The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

    163 aa isoforms: wac-PB, wac-PD
    Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
    Reported size (kDa)
    Comments
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

    Component of the augmin complex composed of dgt2, dgt3, dgt4, dgt5, dgt6, msd1, msd5 and wac (PubMed:19289792, PubMed:19369198). The complex interacts directly or indirectly with microtubules and is required for centrosome-independent generation of spindle microtubules (PubMed:19289792). wac interacts directly (via coiled coil) with dgt2 (PubMed:19289792).

    (UniProt, Q9W0S8)
    Crossreferences
    Linkouts
    Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
    Mapped Features

    Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\wac using the Feature Mapper tool.

    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
    Linkouts
    Expression Data
    Testis-specificity index

    The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

    1.90

    Transcript Expression
    Polypeptide Expression
    Additional Descriptive Data
    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Evidence
    References
    part_of HAUS complex
    inferred from direct assay
    (Tariq et al., 2020, Chen et al., 2017)
    located_in meiotic spindle
    inferred from direct assay
    (Colombié et al., 2013)
    part_of protein-containing complex
    inferred from direct assay
    (Meireles et al., 2009)
    inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:dgt2; FB:FBgn0032390
    (Meireles et al., 2009)
    located_in spindle
    inferred from direct assay
    (Meireles et al., 2009)
    Expression Deduced from Reporters
    High-Throughput Expression Data
    Associated Tools

    JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

    View Dmel\wac in JBrowse
    RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
    Bulk Downloads
    RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
    Reference
    See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
    Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
    Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
    External Data and Images
    Linkouts
    BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
    DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
    FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
    Images
    FlyBase Wiki
    Image Based Resources
    Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
    Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
    For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
     
    Other relevant insertions
    Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
    For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
    Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of wac
    Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of wac
    Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
    Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )
    Gene disrupted in
    Df(3L)BSC125
    (Meireles et al., 2009)
    Df(3L)Exel6084
    (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
    Inferred from location ( 5 )
    Variants
    Variant Molecular Consequences
    Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
    Phenotypes
    Orthologs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Orthologs
    Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Source
    Compara
    Domainoid
    eggNOG
    Hieranoid
    Homologene
    Inparanoid
    OMA
    OrthoDB
    OrthoFinder
    OrthoInspector
    orthoMCL
    Panther
    Phylome
    SonicParanoid
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
    Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Source
    Compara
    Domainoid
    eggNOG
    Hieranoid
    Homologene
    Inparanoid
    OMA
    OrthoDB
    OrthoFinder
    OrthoInspector
    orthoMCL
    Panther
    Phylome
    SonicParanoid
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
    Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
    Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
    Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
    Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
    Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)
    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
    Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
    Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
    Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
    Data provided directly from OrthoDB:wac. Refer to their site for version information.
    Paralogs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Paralogs
    Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Human Disease Associations
    FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
      Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
      Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
      Human Ortholog
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Interaction
      References
      Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
      Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
      Homo sapiens (Human)
      Gene name
      Score
      OMIM
      OMIM Phenotype
      DO term
      Complementation?
      Transgene?
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      External Data
      Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
      Component of the augmin complex composed of dgt2, dgt3, dgt4, dgt5, dgt6, msd1, msd5 and wac (PubMed:19289792, PubMed:19369198). The complex interacts directly or indirectly with microtubules and is required for centrosome-independent generation of spindle microtubules (PubMed:19289792). wac interacts directly (via coiled coil) with dgt2 (PubMed:19289792).
      (UniProt, Q9W0S8 )
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      3L
      Recombination map
      3-1
      Cytogenetic map
      61B3-61B3
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      61B3-61B3
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}trh10512 and P{EP}EP3104EP3104
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      3-1

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      3-0.0

      (Comeron et al., 2012)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (3)
      Genomic Clones (13)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (5)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           

          polyclonal

          (Meireles et al., 2009)
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Cell Line Information
          Publicly Available Cell Lines
           
            Other Stable Cell Lines
             
              Other Comments

              wac is not required for acentrosomal spindle microtubule assembly but for the establishment of the forces allowing proper chromosome alignment and segregation in female meiosis.

              (Meireles et al., 2009)

              Loss of wac has a significant but limited impact on somatic mitosis and male meiosis based on the apparent lack of cell division failure in imaginal tissues and the largely correct segregation of the chromosomes in larval CNSs and testes.

              (Meireles et al., 2009)
              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of
              Additional comments
              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of

              Source for identity of: wac CG13879

              (Meireles et al., 2009)
              Nomenclature comments
              Etymology
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 30 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              References (35)