FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\stum
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\stum
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
stumble
Annotation Symbol
CG30263
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0050263
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
10 publicly available
Gene Summary
Required for locomotion and mechanical sensing in proprioceptive neurons by transducing dendrite stretching into cellular responses. Required for transduction of mechanical stimuli in a specific subpopulation of proprioceptive neurons that sense joint angles. Probably does not constitute the mechanically activated channel and may rather serve as an accessory module required for the proper localization or function of the transduction channels. (UniProt, Q9W2E1)
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All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
57F8-57F8
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-96
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:21674901..21685000
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (5 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in proprioception
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Desai et al., 2014)
involved_in sensory perception of mechanical stimulus
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Desai et al., 2014)
involved_in taxis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Desai et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in proprioception
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002729201
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in sensory perception of mechanical stimulus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002729201
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in taxis
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002729201
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in dendrite
inferred from direct assay
(Desai et al., 2014)
located_in sensory dendrite
inferred from direct assay
(Desai et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in sensory dendrite
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002729201
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the SPEC3 family. Stum subfamily. (Q9W2E1)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Required for locomotion and mechanical sensing in proprioceptive neurons by transducing dendrite stretching into cellular responses. Required for transduction of mechanical stimuli in a specific subpopulation of proprioceptive neurons that sense joint angles. Probably does not constitute the mechanically activated channel and may rather serve as an accessory module required for the proper localization or function of the transduction channels.
(UniProt, Q9W2E1)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

surface transmembrane protein involved in transduction of mechanical stimuli in proprioceptive neurons - transduces dendrite stretching into cellular responses

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\stum for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9W2E1)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Gene model reviewed during 6.02

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
stum-RB
FBtr0273308
NM_137759
6387
1870
stum-RD
FBtr0347184
NM_001274196
6241
1870
stum-RE
FBtr0347185
NM_001316430
1598
424
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
stum-PB
FBpp0271816
203.2
1870
10.68
Q9W2E1
NP_611603
AAF46751
stum-PD
FBpp0312495
203.2
1870
10.68
Q9W2E1
NP_001261125
AGB93657
stum-PE
FBpp0312496
47.6
424
8.96
A0A126GUQ1
NP_001303359
ALI30188
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1870 aa isoforms: stum-PB, stum-PD
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\stum using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.71

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in dendrite
inferred from direct assay
(Desai et al., 2014)
located_in sensory dendrite
inferred from direct assay
(Desai et al., 2014)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\stum in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of stum
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of stum
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 6 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\STUM
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Stum
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Stum
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
 
1  
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)
Xtro\stum
2 of 13
Yes
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\stum
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\Y97E10AL.1
7 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\Y51H7BR.7
2 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:stum. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    STUM; stum, mechanosensory transduction mediator homolog
    6 of 14
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Dmel gene
        Ortholog showing functional complementation
        Supporting References
        stum
        Mmus\Stum
        (Desai et al., 2014)
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
        protein-protein
        Physical Interaction
        Assay
        References
        stum - Nsun4
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        External Data
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        2R
        Recombination map
        2-96
        Cytogenetic map
        57F8-57F8
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        57F8-57F8
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG10082EP436&P{EP}EP712EP712 and P{EP}Tim10EP541&P{lacW}l(2)k09617k09617
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        2-96

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        2-102.6

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (10)
        Genomic Clones (16)
         

        Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

        cDNA Clones (2)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               
                Other Comments

                stum is required for the transduction of mechanical stimuli in a subpopulation of proprioceptive neurons that sense joint angles in the leg.

                (Desai et al., 2014)
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of

                Source for merge of: CG15677 CG15679

                (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003, FlyBase, 1996-)
                Additional comments

                Annotations CG15677 and CG15679 merged as CG30263 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

                (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

                Source for merge of CG15677 CG15679 was a shared cDNA ( date:010720 ).

                (FlyBase, 1996-)
                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of

                Source for identity of: stum CG30263

                (Desai et al., 2014)
                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology

                The gene is named "stumble" after the mutant phenotype of impaired walking ability.

                (Desai et al., 2014)
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (7)
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 39 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                References (30)