FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Alg10
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Alg10
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
ALG10 alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase
Annotation Symbol
CG32076
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0052076
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
4 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
dolichyl-P-Glc:Glc2Man9GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase (2.4.1.256)
Gene Summary
ALG10 alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase (Alg10) encodes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the third and last glucose to (Glc)2(Man)9(GlcNAc)2-diphosphodolichol in the ER lumen. This is the 12th step in the synthesis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide, the precursor required for N-linked protein glycosylation. [Date last reviewed: 2025-06-19] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
68A9-68A9
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-34
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:11164971..11166620
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (5 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables dolichyl pyrophosphate Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR016900
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P50076
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000312712
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in protein N-linked glycosylation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sung et al., 2024)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthetic process
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR016900
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P50076
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
involved_in protein N-linked glycosylation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000312712
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P50076
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
is_active_in endoplasmic reticulum
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000312712
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the ALG10 glucosyltransferase family. (Q8T8L8)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
dolichyl pyrophosphate Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase activity
an alpha-D-Glc-(1->3)-alpha-D-Glc-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man- (1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha- D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)- beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-alpha-D-GlcNAc-diphospho-di-trans,poly-cis-dolichol + a di-trans,poly-cis-dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate = a alpha-D-Glc- (1->2)-alpha-D-Glc-(1->3)-alpha-D-Glc-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D- Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)- [alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man- (1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-alpha-D-GlcNAc-diphospho-di-trans,poly- cis-dolichol + a di-trans,poly-cis-dolichyl phosphate + H(+) (2.4.1.256)
RHEA 29543:
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
ALG10 alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase (Alg10) encodes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the third and last glucose to (Glc)2(Man)9(GlcNAc)2-diphosphodolichol in the ER lumen. This is the 12th step in the synthesis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide, the precursor required for N-linked protein glycosylation. [Date last reviewed: 2025-06-19]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
DOLICHYL PYROPHOSPHATE GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASES -
During the N-glycosylation process, a preassembled oligosaccharide (Glc[[3]]Man[[9]]GlcNAc[[2]]) is transferred from a lipid carrier (dolichol pyrophosphate, PP-Dol) to an acceptor protein. Dolichyl pyrophosphate glucosyltransferases act in the final step of N-glycan precursor synthesis within the endoplasmic reticulum, adding the three glucose units (Glc[[3]]). The finished oligosaccharide is then transferred to nascent peptides, where it will be further trimmed down and modified to produce glycoproteins. (Adapted from FBrf0235108.)
Pathway (FlyBase)
DOLICHOL-LINKED OLIGOSACCHARIDE BIOSYNTHESIS -
Synthesis of the dolichol-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) precursor is the first step in protein N-glycosylation. LLO is composed of a lipid carrier, dolichyl pyrophosphate, to which is attached a glycan containing 2 N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), 9 mannose (Man) and 3 glucose (Glc) residues. LLO synthesis begins on the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and terminates in the ER lumen where the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complexes transfer the oligosaccharide to asparagine residues within a N-X-S/T sequon of a nascent protein co- and post-translationally. (Adapted from FBrf0235108.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Dol-P- Glc:Glc (2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase that operates in the biosynthetic pathway of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides, the glycan precursors employed in protein asparagine (N)-glycosylation. The assembly of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides begins on the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and finishes in its lumen. The sequential addition of sugars to dolichol pyrophosphate produces dolichol-linked oligosaccharides containing fourteen sugars, including two GlcNAcs, nine mannoses and three glucoses. Once assembled, the oligosaccharide is transferred from the lipid to nascent proteins by oligosaccharyltransferases. In the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, adds the third and last glucose residue from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) onto the lipid-linked oligosaccharide intermediate Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol to produce Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.
(UniProt, Q8T8L8)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Alg10 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q8T8L8)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Alg10-RA
FBtr0076217
NM_168449
1529
449
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Alg10-PA
FBpp0075946
51.8
449
9.46
Q8T8L8
NP_729680
AAF50086
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Alg10 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

1.53

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Alg10 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 2 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Alg10
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Alg10
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Hsap\ALG10
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\ALG10B
13 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Alg10
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Alg10b
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\alg10
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\mecr
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\alg10
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\algn-10
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002420
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001369
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\ALG10
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\DIE2
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\alg10
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Alg10. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
IRSp53
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    ALG10B; ALG10 alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase B
    model of  long QT syndrome 2
    IEA
    (FlyBase, 2019-)
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    ALG10; ALG10 alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase
    14 of 14
    618355
        ALG10B; ALG10 alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase B
        13 of 14
        603313
         
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        External Data
        Linkouts
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        DOLICHOL-LINKED OLIGOSACCHARIDE BIOSYNTHESIS
        External Links
        FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        External Data
        Linkouts
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3L
        Recombination map
        3-34
        Cytogenetic map
        68A9-68A9
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        68A9-68A9
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0123901239&P{lacW}l(3)01239j9B4 and P{PZ}CycA02461&P{PZ}CycA03946
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-34

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-28.7

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (4)
        Genomic Clones (18)
         

        Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

        cDNA Clones (25)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of
            Additional comments

            FlyBase curator comment: the insertion in the "c06300" Exelixis line was originally assigned to the Alg10 gene in FBrf0179797, resulting in the "Alg10c06300" (FBal0162818) allele. However, FBrf0184340 shows that the insertion is actually within srt.

            (Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2004.11.6)

            Source for identity of Alg10 CG7624 was sequence comparison ( date:020313 ).

            (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003, FlyBase, 1996-)
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of

            Source for identity of: Alg10 CG7624

            (FlyBase, 1996-)
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (7)
            Reported As
            Symbol Synonym
            Alg10
            (Sung et al., 2024, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Krahmer et al., 2013, Sen et al., 2013, Goodman et al., 2006)
            CG32076
            (Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2015, Krahmer et al., 2013, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Goodman et al., 2006)
            CG7624
            alg10
            (Selva et al., 2008)
            dAlg10
            (Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2015)
            Name Synonyms
            ALG10 alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase
            Alpha 3 glucosyltransferase
            (Oriol, 2002.2.18)
            Secondary FlyBase IDs
            • FBgn0036140
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 34 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            References (31)