FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Dso2

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Dso2

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Daisho2

Annotation Symbol

CG33990

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0067905

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

3 publicly available

Gene Summary

Daisho2 (Dso2) encodes an immune effector peptide regulated by Toll NF-kappaB signalling. Mutant flies are susceptible to fungal infection, and Dso2 shows binding to fungal hyphae ex vivo. [Date last reviewed: 2024-04-04] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

IM14, DIM 14, Immune induced molecule 14

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

57B3-57B3

Sequence location

2R:20,870,392..20,870,678 [+]

Recombination map

2-92

RefSeq locus

NT_033778 REGION:20870392..20870678

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (4 terms)

Molecular Function (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Biological Process (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in antibacterial humoral response

inferred from direct assay

(Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)

involved_in antifungal humoral response

inferred from direct assay

(Cohen et al., 2020)

involved_in response to bacterium

inferred from high throughput expression pattern

(Levy et al., 2004)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Cellular Component (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in extracellular space

inferred from direct assay

(Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)

located_in extracellular space

inferred from direct assay

(Cohen et al., 2020)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

DAISHO PEPTIDES

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

DAISHO PEPTIDES -: The daisho peptides are Drosophila innate immune effectors with humoral activity against a select set of filamentous fungi. (Adapted from FBrf0244753.)

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Peptide which plays a role in the humoral immune response to a subset of filamentous fungi, including F.oxysporum and F.verticillioides.

(UniProt, P83869)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Dso2 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry P83869)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Dso2-RA

FBtr0100038

NM_001038873

223

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Dso2-PA

FBpp0099553

5.0

8.80

P83869

NP_001033962

ABC66114

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

P83869

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Dso2 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

IM14_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

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Transcript Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in extracellular space

inferred from direct assay

(Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)

located_in extracellular space

inferred from direct assay

(Cohen et al., 2020)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Dso2 in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Dso2

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Dso2

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

3885603/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0067905

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0067905

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 2 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Dso2

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Dso2

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )

Gene partially disrupted in

Df(2R)ΔDso

(Cohen et al., 2020)

Inferred from location ( 5 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal immune response | adult stage

increased mortality | conditional

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (0)

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Dso2. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Dso2

suppressible

Dso1

(Cohen et al., 2020)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Dso1

suppressible

Dso2

(Cohen et al., 2020)

External Data

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0067905

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-92

Cytogenetic map

57B3-57B3

Sequence location

2R:20,870,392..20,870,678 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

57B3-57B3

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-92

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-98.7

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (3)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

57048

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMC04359}attP40

NIG-Fly

2RG-0825

y² VhaAC39-1^cho-1 v¹; P{U6-Dso2.NIG.sgRNA}attP40/CyO

VDRC

v110032

P{KK116190}VIE-260B

Genomic Clones (10)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (4)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RT04001

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0067905

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0067905

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

New annotation (CG33990) in release 4.3 of the genome annotation.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2005)

Identification: Encodes a protein that is induced by immune challenge.

(Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Dso2 IM14

(Cohen et al., 2020)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Based on the defensive functions of the encoded peptides, 'IM4' (encoding a 15aa peptide) and 'IM14' (encoding a 24 aa peptide) are renamed 'Daisho1' and 'Daisho2', respectively, after the Japanese term 'daisho' for a matched pair of samurai swords, one short and one long.

(Cohen et al., 2020)

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG33990

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Palu and Thummel, 2016, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2005)

DIM 14

(Levy et al., 2004, Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)

DIM14

(Vasudevan et al., 2017)

Daisho2

(Valanne et al., 2022, Martínez et al., 2020)

Dso2

(Meyer et al., 2024, Owings and Chow, 2024, Westlake et al., 2024, Zhou et al., 2024, Wu and Yan, 2022, Lin et al., 2020)

IM14

(Akagi et al., 2025, Fioriti et al., 2024, Salminen et al., 2024, Bossen et al., 2023, Deshpande et al., 2022, Wu et al., 2022, Wang et al., 2021, Swanson et al., 2020, Lindsay et al., 2018, Lopez et al., 2018, Mlih et al., 2018, Kim et al., 2015, Lai et al., 2014, Karpac et al., 2011, Reiter et al., 2007)

dso2

(Cohen et al., 2020)

im14

(Sharma et al., 2011)

Name Synonyms

Daisho2

(Song et al., 2026, Wang et al., 2024, Cohen et al., 2020)

Immune induced molecule 14

(Lai et al., 2014, Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0053990

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 18 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

3885603

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

ABC66114

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

P83869

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P83869

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

P83869

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

3885603/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0067905

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0067905

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0067905

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG33990

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

3885603

Linkouts

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0067905

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0067905

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0067905

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

IM14_1

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0067905

References (50)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.11

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