FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\psd

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\psd

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

palisade

Annotation Symbol

CG9050

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0086265

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

4 publicly available

Gene Summary

palisade (psd) encodes a secreted protein required during oogenesis to coordinate assembly and cross-linking of the vitelline membrane layer of the eggshell. It is also one of several targets of the sulfotransferase encoded by pip, which is involved in developmental patterning. [Date last reviewed: 2019-02-28] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

TU-1, Fcp26Aa

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

26A4-26A4

Sequence location

2L:5,963,087..5,964,951 [-]

Recombination map

2-18

RefSeq locus

NT_033779 REGION:5963087..5964951

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (4 terms)

Molecular Function (0 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Biological Process (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in follicle cell microvillus organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Elalayli et al., 2008)

involved_in vitelline membrane formation involved in chorion-containing eggshell formation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Elalayli et al., 2008)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Cellular Component (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in egg chorion

inferred from direct assay

(Fakhouri et al., 2006)

located_in vitelline envelope

inferred from direct assay

(Elalayli et al., 2008)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Minor protein component of the vitelline membrane (PubMed:18514182). Involved in vitelline membrane biogenesis during late stages of oogenesis (PubMed:18514182). Required for efficient disulfide and non-disulfide cross-linking of several vitelline membrane components (PubMed:18514182).

(UniProt, Q9VMK3)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

multi-domain protein that acts during oogenesis to coordinate assembly of the vitelline membrane - required for functional properties of the eggshell

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\psd for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9VMK3)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

psd-RA

FBtr0079238

NM_135130

1543

381

psd-RB

FBtr0333227

NM_001273187

1236

381

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

1.4 (northern blot)

(Popodi et al., 1988)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

psd-PA

FBpp0078868

40.5

381

4.32

FBpp0305429

40.5

381

4.32

Q9VMK3

NP_001260116

AGB92652

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

381 aa isoforms: psd-PA, psd-PB

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Post Translational Modification

Sulfated by pip; may be involved in embryo dorsal-ventral axis determination (PubMed:19540119). Sulfation by pip may occur on covalently bound glycosaminoglycans (Probable).

May undergo both disulfide and non-disulfide cross-linking upon incorporation into the vitelline membrane.

(UniProt, Q9VMK3)

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\psd using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

psd_1
psd_2

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.39

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

oogenesis stage S9 -- S10

centripetal follicle cell

(Manning et al., 2017)

egg chamber | restricted

(Manning et al., 2017)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage oogenesis stage S8 -- S10B

oocyte | posterior

(Popodi et al., 1988)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in egg chorion

inferred from direct assay

(Fakhouri et al., 2006)

located_in vitelline envelope

inferred from direct assay

(Elalayli et al., 2008)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\psd in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\psd

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\psd

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

33830/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0086265

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0086265

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0086265

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0086265

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 4 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of psd

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of psd

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(2L)Exel7024

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Inferred from location ( 13 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal - all die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

psd^RNAi.UAS

lethal - all die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^Myc-PG45

psd^RNAi.UAS

Sterility

Allele

female sterile (with Df(2L)Exel7024)

female sterile | recessive

Other Phenotypes

Allele

some die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

psd^RNAi.UAS

some die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^Myc-PG45

psd^RNAi.UAS

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

cortical actin cytoskeleton & oocyte, with Scer\GAL4^Myc-PG45

psd^RNAi.UAS

microvillus & follicle cell

psd^MF56

microvillus & follicle cell, with Scer\GAL4^Myc-PG45

psd^RNAi.UAS

vitelline membrane, with Scer\GAL4^Myc-PG45

psd^RNAi.UAS

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (0)

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)

Cele\EEED8.14

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\H43E16.1

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\T19D12.1

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\T19D12.3

1 of 14

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (5)

Scer\FLO1

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\FLO5

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\FLO9

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\FLO10

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\YHR213W

1 of 13

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:psd. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (3)

CG32793

1 of 13

CG42676

1 of 13

Muc91C

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

59995

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0086265

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Class of Gene

gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-18

Cytogenetic map

26A4-26A4

Sequence location

2L:5,963,087..5,964,951 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

26A4-26A4

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}bchs^EP2299&P{EP}Gpdh^EP466 and P{lacW}chic^k13321

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-18

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-19.2

(Comeron et al., 2012)

2-[20]

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (4)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

NIG-Fly

M2L-2108

y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; psd^SK2 P{neoFRT}40A/CyO-Tb

M2L-2109

y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; psd^SK4 P{neoFRT}40A/CyO-Tb

2LG-1678

y² VhaAC39-1^cho-1 v¹; P{U6-psd.NIG.sgRNA}attP40/CyO

VDRC

v330716

P{VSH330716}attP40

Genomic Clones (14)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (2)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

GM32356

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0086265

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

EC13561

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0086265

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Elalayli et al., 2008)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

The organisation and expression of follicle cell genes found in a cluster at 26A has been investigated.

(Popodi et al., 1988)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: Fcp26Aa CG9050

(Fakhouri et al., 2006)

Source for merge of: CG9050 BcDNA:GM32356

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

Source for merge of CG9050 BcDNA:GM32356 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: psd Fcp26Aa

(Elalayli et al., 2008)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

The gene is named "palisade" because its mutation results in disruption of the palisade-like arrangement of vitelline bodies and follicle cell microvilli within the perivitelline space during vitelline membrane secretion.

(Elalayli et al., 2008)

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

BcDNA:GM32356

CG9050

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Meadows, 2019.11.20, Meadows, 2018.10.31, Çiçek et al., 2016, Elalayli et al., 2008, McGraw et al., 2008, Fakhouri et al., 2006)

Fcp26Aa

(Zhang et al., 2009)

TU-1

(Fakhouri et al., 2006, Popodi et al., 1988)

psd

(Mendoza Andrade et al., 2025, Miao et al., 2024, Sanderson et al., 2024, Eickelberg et al., 2022, Ekhteraei-Tousi et al., 2020, Seong et al., 2020, Short and Lazzaro, 2013, Elalayli et al., 2008)

Name Synonyms

CG9050

Follicle cell protein 26Aa

Palisade

(Zhang et al., 2009)

palisade

(Elalayli et al., 2008)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0000646
FBgn0031755
FBgn0064929

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 30 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

33830

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9VMK3

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9VMK3

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q8IH21

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9VMK3

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

33830/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0086265

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0086265

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0086265

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG9050

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

33830

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

59995

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0086265

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0086265

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0086265

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

psd_1
psd_2

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0086265

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0086265

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0086265

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

References (29)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.39

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