Allele Dmel\frac^Δ1

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\frac^Δ1	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0266870
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\frac

Allele class
Mutagen	transposable element activity
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Nature of the Allele
Allele class
Mutagen	transposable element activity (Miller et al., 2011)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype	frac^MB05690 (Miller et al., 2011)
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Imprecise excision of Mi{ET1}frac[MB05690] results in a 1.2kb deletion, removing part of the first intron and second exon of the frac gene. (Miller et al., 2011)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	fertile (Miller et al., 2011) neuroanatomy defective \| embryonic stage (Miller et al., 2011) neuroanatomy defective \| embryonic stage (with Df(3L)pbl-X1) (Miller et al., 2011) viable (Miller et al., 2011)
Phenotype Manifest In
	intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 \| embryonic stage (Miller et al., 2011) intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 \| embryonic stage (with Df(3L)pbl-X1) (Miller et al., 2011) segmental nerve branch SNa of A1-7 \| embryonic stage (Miller et al., 2011) segmental nerve branch SNa of A1-7 \| embryonic stage (with Df(3L)pbl-X1) (Miller et al., 2011)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference frac[Δ1] mutants are viable and display no overt behavioral defects. frac[Δ1] mutants do not display defects in muscle size, number, or epidermal attachment. frac[Δ1] mutant embryos exhibit prominent axon guidance defects. Approximately 64% of ISNb axons in frac[Δ1] mutant embryos do not stay tightly bundled and display targeting errors in which individual axons circle back or project to neighbouring nerve bundles. Further classification of these defects reveals that 51% of ISNb nerves display hypo-fasciculated or frayed axons, and 29% include axons that make connections with other nerve branches or other ISNb axons. Approximately 44% of ISNb nerves exhibit ectopic splintering of axons, and 22% display erroneous projections. The penetrance of ISNb guidance defects is not affected by maternal frac levels. Approximately 49% of hemisegments in frac[Δ1] contain axons that separate inappropriately and project ectopically. The majority of defects are hypo-fasciculation errors in which axons inappropriately branch away from SNa axons. frac[Δ1]/Df(3L)pbl-X1 mutants exhibit the same guidance defects as frac[Δ1] homozygotes. (Miller et al., 2011)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhanced by
Statement Reference frac^Δ1 has neuroanatomy defective \| embryonic stage phenotype, enhanceable by LIMK1^EY08757/LIMK1[+] (Miller et al., 2011) frac^Δ1 has neuroanatomy defective \| embryonic stage phenotype, enhanceable by Mmp2[+]/Mmp2^W307stop (Miller et al., 2011)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference frac^Δ1 has neuroanatomy defective \| embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by beat-Ia^C163/beat-Ia[+] (Miller et al., 2011) frac^Δ1 has neuroanatomy defective \| embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by Df(2L)N22-5/+ (Miller et al., 2011) frac^Δ1 has neuroanatomy defective \| embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/sax^{Q263D.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1} (Miller et al., 2011) frac^Δ1 has neuroanatomy defective \| embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by Sema-1a^k13702/Sema-1a[+] (Miller et al., 2011)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference frac^Δ1 has neuroanatomy defective \| embryonic stage phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4^repo.PU/Mmp2^Scer\UAS.cPa (Miller et al., 2011)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference frac^Δ1/frac[+] is an enhancer of neuroanatomy defective \| embryonic stage phenotype of LIMK1^EY08757 (Miller et al., 2011) frac^Δ1/frac[+] is an enhancer of neuroanatomy defective \| embryonic stage phenotype of Mmp2^W307stop (Miller et al., 2011)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference frac^Δ1 is a suppressor of neuroanatomy defective \| embryonic stage phenotype of Mmp2^Scer\UAS.cPa, Scer\GAL4^repo.PU (Miller et al., 2011)
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference frac^Δ1 has intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 \| embryonic stage phenotype, enhanceable by LIMK1^EY08757/LIMK1[+] (Miller et al., 2011) frac^Δ1 has intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 \| embryonic stage phenotype, enhanceable by Mmp2[+]/Mmp2^W307stop (Miller et al., 2011)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference frac^Δ1 has intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 \| embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by beat-Ia^C163/beat-Ia[+] (Miller et al., 2011) frac^Δ1 has intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 \| embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by Df(2L)N22-5/+ (Miller et al., 2011) frac^Δ1 has intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 \| embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/sax^{Q263D.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1} (Miller et al., 2011) frac^Δ1 has intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 \| embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by Sema-1a^k13702/Sema-1a[+] (Miller et al., 2011) frac^Δ1 has segmental nerve branch SNa of A1-7 \| embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/sax^{Q263D.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1} (Miller et al., 2011)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference frac^Δ1 has intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 \| embryonic stage phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4^repo.PU/Mmp2^Scer\UAS.cPa (Miller et al., 2011) frac^Δ1 has segmental nerve branch SNa of A1-7 \| embryonic stage phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4^repo.PU/Mmp2^Scer\UAS.cPa (Miller et al., 2011)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference frac^Δ1/frac[+] is an enhancer of intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 \| embryonic stage phenotype of LIMK1^EY08757 (Miller et al., 2011) frac^Δ1/frac[+] is an enhancer of intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 \| embryonic stage phenotype of Mmp2^W307stop (Miller et al., 2011)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference frac^Δ1 is a suppressor of intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 \| embryonic stage phenotype of Mmp2^Scer\UAS.cPa, Scer\GAL4^repo.PU (Miller et al., 2011) frac^Δ1 is a suppressor of segmental nerve branch SNa of A1-7 \| embryonic stage phenotype of Mmp2^Scer\UAS.cPa, Scer\GAL4^repo.PU (Miller et al., 2011)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference Mmp2[W307stop]/+ ; frac[Δ1]/+ double heterozygotes exhibit elevated levels of ISNb and SNa guidance defects. The incidence of ISNb mis-projection rises from 1% and 2% in frac[Δ1] and Mmp2[W307stop] single heterozygotes, respectively, to 18% in the double heterozygote. A heterozygous Sema-1a[k13702] background dominantly suppresses the ISNb pathfinding phenotypes from 64% in frac[Δ1] homozygotes to 18% in double mutants. A Df(2L)N22-5 background dominantly suppresses the ISNb pathfinding phenotypes from 64% in frac[Δ1] homozygotes to 18% in double mutants. A heterozygous beat-Ia[C163] background dominantly suppresses the ISNb pathfinding phenotypes from 64% in frac[Δ1] homozygotes to 18% in double mutants. A homozygous frac[Δ1] mutant background suppresses the excess fasciculation seen in embryos ove-rexpressing Mmp2[Scer\UAS.cPa] under the control of Scer\GAL4[repo.PU]. Furthermore, these embryos display diminished motor axon bundling similar to that observed in frac[Δ1] homozygotes. Pan-neuronal expression of sax[Q263D.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1] reduces the incidence of defasciculation from 64% to 30% in frac[Δ1] mutants. The ISNb of LIMK1[EY08757]; frac[Δ1] double heterozygous mutant embryos is defasciculated and has ectopic projections. These double mutants display an increase in mis-projections relative to either heterozygote alone. (Miller et al., 2011)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Comments
Stocks ( 0 )

Notes on Origin
Discoverer

External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 1 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	frac^Δ1 (Miller et al., 2011)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 1 )
Research paper	Miller et al., 2011, J. Neurosci. 31(14): 5335--5347 Drosophila mmp2 regulates the matrix molecule faulty attraction (frac) to promote motor axon targeting in Drosophila. [FBrf0213409]

Allele Dmel\fracΔ1

Allele Dmel\frac^Δ1