FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\Tm2[3]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Tm2³

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0016895

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\Tm2

Associated Insertion(s)

springer{}Tm2³

Carried in Construct

Also Known As

Ifm(3)3

Key Links

Allele class

hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Kreuz et al., 1996)

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

(Schultz et al., 1991, Karlik and Fyrberg, 1985)

Progenitor genotype

Associated Insertion(s)

springer{}Tm2³

Cytology

Description

Insertion of 8.8kb springer DNA element into the transcribed region of Tm2, which interferes with splicing. Due to this insertion the muscle-specific tropomyosin isoform is not produced.

(Karlik and Fyrberg, 1985)

8-kb copia-like insertion

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Disease

Evidence

References

model of dilated cardiomyopathy

CEA

(Ma et al., 2010, Wolf et al., 2006)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

flightless

(Dunker et al., 1993)

flightless | dominant

(Rancourt et al., 1991)

flightless | semidominant

(Homyk and Emerson, 1988, Karlik and Fyrberg, 1985)

viable

(Rancourt et al., 1991)

Phenotype Manifest In

adult heart

(Wolf et al., 2006)

adult heart chamber

(Wolf et al., 2006)

embryonic/larval heart

(Ma et al., 2010)

indirect flight muscle cell

(Kreuz et al., 1996)

myofibril

(Karlik and Fyrberg, 1985)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

Mutant wandering stage third instar larvae show heart defects compared to controls; they have a decreased shortening fraction, indicating reduced cardiac contractility. The same fraction of mutant and wild-type larvae show chamber shortening contractions, but there is a noticeable increase in the frequency at which these contractions occur in the mutant larvae. Arrhythmia is increased in the mutant hearts compared to controls. The velocity of movement of the heart chamber wall is decreased by 31% in mutant larvae compared to controls.

(Ma et al., 2010)

Homozygous border cell clones show normal migration.

(Borghese et al., 2006)

Homozygous or heterozygous Tm2³ mutants exhibit heart rates that are similar to wild-type flies but possess enlarged cardiac chambers and exhibit significant defects in systolic function and fractional shortening compared to controls.

(Wolf et al., 2006)

The core of myofibrils of the indirect flight muscles is reduced to 16 +/- 2.0 thick filaments in Tm2³/Tm2^C10 transheterozygotes.

(Kreuz et al., 1996)

Heterozygotes are able to jump short distances but are incapable of sustained flight.

(Dunker et al., 1993)

Flight muscles of Tm2³ are trapped in a relaxed state and cannot generate active force; tight-binding rigor cross-bridges can, however, form. In the absence of ATP the muscle fibers have a high stiffness and force.

(Molloy et al., 1993)

Heterozygotes have poor flight ability and a normal wing posture. Homozygotes are flightless and have a normal wing posture.

(Homyk and Emerson, 1988)

Flightless mutant, having structurally and functionally abnormal flight muscles. Myofibrils are structurally much weaker than wild type, broken myofibril ends are frayed. In peripheral regions of myofibrils thick and thin filaments are poorly organised.

(Karlik and Fyrberg, 1985)

identical to Tm2⁵

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

Tm2³/Tm2[+] is a non-enhancer of visible phenotype of br¹

(Ward et al., 2003)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

Tm2³/Tm2[+] is an enhancer of indirect flight muscle cell phenotype of DAAM^Ex1

(Molnár et al., 2014)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

Tm2³/Tm2[+] is a non-enhancer of leg phenotype of br¹

(Ward et al., 2003)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

The mild indirect muscle phenotype seen in DAAM^Ex1 mutants is enhanced by Tm2³/+. The myofibrils are disorganised, with variable width, unequal sarcomere and thin filament length and mini-sarcomeres are common.

(Molnár et al., 2014)

Does not enhance the frequency of br¹ mutant animals with malformed legs.

(Ward et al., 2003)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Comments

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (1)

Bloomington

4053

y¹ w^67c23; Tm2³

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 2 )

Crossreferences

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (5)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Ifm(3)3

(Kreuz et al., 1996, Dunker et al., 1993, Rancourt et al., 1991, Schultz et al., 1991, Tansey et al., 1991, Fyrberg and Beall, 1990, Fyrberg et al., 1988, Homyk and Emerson, 1988, Karlik and Fyrberg, 1985)

Ifm(3)Tm2³

(Vigoreaux, 2001)

TM2³

(Ma et al., 2010, Wolf et al., 2006, Wolf et al., 2006)

Tm2³

(Chatterjee et al., 2016, Molnár et al., 2014)

tm2³

(Borghese et al., 2006)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (19)

Report Sections

Open Close