Flies that are heterozygous for Lpt¹ and also heterozygous for EcR^A483T have defects in wing patterning - most prominently, shortened veins.

EcR^A483T/+ flies have reduced amounts of daytime sleep compared to controls. The reduction is greater in females with a 40% reduction in sleep compared to 13% in males. Nighttime sleep is increased in both male and female EcR^A483T/+ flies.

EcR^A483T/EcR^NP5219 transheterozygotes are lethal during development at 25[o]C but survive to adulthood if raised at 18[o]C.

Total daytime sleep in EcR^A483T/EcR^NP5219 mutants raised at 18[o]C and transferred to 25[o]C 3 days after eclosion is reduced by 56% in females and 61% in males. Nighttime sleep is also reduced (7% and 11% in females and males respectively).

Average sleep bout duration is reduced in male and female EcR^A483T/EcR^NP5219 flies both during the day and at night. The maximum sleep bout duration is also reduced compared to wild type, most significantly during the daytime.

Wake bout duration is similar to controls in both male and female EcR^A483T/EcR^NP5219 mutants. Waking activity is reduced during the day in both sexes. No difference in waking activity is seen at night.

EcR^A483T/EcR^NP5219 mutants female flies regain less sleep than controls following 12 hours of sleep deprivation whereas males regain more sleep. The increase in average sleep bout duration seen in controls following sleep deprivation does not occur in either male of female mutants.

EcR^A483T/+ males raised and tested in permissive conditions (at 18[o]C) display normal long-term memory in courtship behavioural assays. In restrictive conditions (at 25[o]C), trained EcR^A483T/+ mutant males show normal courtship short-term memory, but display defects in courtship long-term memory.

In temperature-shift experiments, animals raised in permissive conditions until eclosion, and then shifted to restrictive conditions for adult life show defects in courtship long-term memory. Conversely, animals raised in restrictive conditions until eclosion and then shifted to permissive conditions for adult life show normal courtship long-term memory. Animals raised in restrictive conditions but shifted to the permissive 18[o]C conditions during the courtship training period display long-term memory, whereas those shifted after the training period show defects in courtship long-term memory.

Heterozygous mutant progeny of the cross between EcR^A483T and control flies do not live longer than controls at 25^oC.

EcR^A483T/EcR^M554fs animals show strong survival at either 22^o or 25^oC, but do not survive when raised at 29^oC. EcR^A483T/EcR^R344Q or EcR^A483T/EcR^V559fs animals survive at 22^oC, but not at 25^oC. EcR^A483T/EcR^R344Q or EcR^A483T/EcR^V559fs females raised at 22^o and then shifted to 29^oC and mated to wild-type males for 2 days show a nearly 100% decrease in fecundity compared to control siblings. EcR^A483T/EcR^M554fs females show a progressive reduction in fecundity over a 3 day period of egg collections, culminating in a 75% reduction on the third day. Fecundity is affected to a greater degree (more than 90% reduction) in EcR^A483T/EcR^M554fs females shifted to 29^oC during the prepupal period and retained at 29^oC for mating. EcR^A483T/EcR^M554fs, EcR^A483T/EcR^R344Q or EcR^A483T/EcR^V559fs females raised at 22^o and then shifted to 29^oC show an excess of mature stage 14 egg chambers and a decrease in the number of vitellogenic egg chambers between stages 7 and 14 relative to control siblings. Ovarioles containing more than one stage 14 egg chambers in the most posterior portions of the ovariole are seen. Defective egg chambers are also seen. Some defective egg chambers contain very few follicle cells, while others have defects that are limited to nurse cell nuclei. Two types of nurse cell defect are seen; an apparent breakdown of the nuclei of stage 8 and 9 egg chambers and nurse cell nuclei that are dramatically smaller than normal (this defect is seen in both previtellogenic and early vitellogenic egg chambers). Ovaries from EcR^A483T/EcR^R344Q or EcR^A483T/EcR^V559fs females have severely reduced numbers of mid- (stage 10) and late (stages 11-13) vitellogenic egg chambers compared to controls. EcR^A483T/EcR^R344Q females also show a strong reduction in the number of early (stage 8 and 9) vitellogenic egg chambers. EcR^A483T/EcR^M554fs females are less severely affected, although decreases in mid- (stage 10) and late (stages 11-13) vitellogenic stages are seen in these flies. Actin rings are disorganised or absent in most mutant EcR^A483T/EcR^V559fs egg chambers.

Egg chamber degeneration occurs during mid-oogenesis when females are shifted to the restrictive temperature.

EcR^A483T/EcR^E261st shows greater than 95% lethality. Adult escapers show significant delays in development, blistered wings and defective tergites.