Expression of Pka-R2^EP2162 under the control of Scer\GAL4^JW1 results in outgrowths and duplications of the costa region of the wing. Expression of Pka-R2^EP2162 under the control of Scer\GAL4^E132 results in duplications of the costa region of the wing.

Embryos show axon guidance defects in ISNb, SNa and the CNS. The majority of defects are manifest as an increase in repulsion, particularly in the CNS.

Expression of Pka-R2^EP2162 under the control of Scer\GAL4^ey.PH results in eyes that are slightly reduced in size. Flies expressing Pka-R2^EP2162 under the control of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev have wild-type eyes. Flies expressing Pka-R2^EP2162 under the control of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E have wild-type wings.

43% of ovarioles from homozygous females show defects in follicle formation and maturation. The defects include multinucleate nurse cells, too many or too few nurse cells within a follicle, absence of interfollicular stalks and an abnormally large number of somatic epithelial cells at the posterior end of the follicle. Multinucleate cells have no internal ring canals and follicles with multinucleate cells seem to have fewer nurse cells than normal. Large follicles with double and triple the normal number of nurse cells are seen and often these follicles are not separated from the next follicle by an interfollicular stalk. Only approximately 42% of homozygous flies retain normal circadian rhythmicity in constant environmental conditions. Mutant flies entrain normally to light/dark conditions but the rhythmicity rapidly dampens through the following constant darkness conditions. In the 42% of flies showing rhythmicity, a normal period of approximately 23.7 hours is seen. Homozygous flies show a robust resistance to ethanol, with the time taken to immobilise 50% of flies in an ethanol sensitivity assay being approximately 6 minutes longer than that of wild-type flies. There are no significant differences in ethanol permeability or metabolism rates compared to wild type. The response of homozygous flies to the first dose of cocaine is much lower than that of wild-type flies; significantly higher doses of cocaine are required to elicit substantial initial responses compared to wild type. Subsequent doses of cocaine fail to elicit robust sensitisation, in contrast to wild-type flies which show prominent sensitisation, measured as an enhanced response to the second cocaine exposure.