Adult flies expressing Maur\PrpScer\UAS.cFa under the control of Scer\GAL4BG380 display locomotor dysfunction (impaired climbing ability).
The brains of young flies expressing Scer\GAL4da.G32>Maur\PrpScer\UAS.cFa are anatomically normal. These flies show well preserved architecture of the cortex, which contains the cell bodies of the brain neurons and the neuropil, the projections that occupy the center of the brain. In contrast, the brains of 30-day-old flies expressing Scer\GAL4da.G32>Maur\PrpScer\UAS.cFa are smaller (reduced surface) and contain abundant vacuoles in the neuropil of the brain and optic lobes. At higher magnification, the cortex appears very thin and contain numerous micro-vacuoles, suggesting significant neuronal loss.
The mushroom body has normal aspect in young flies expressing Scer\GAL4ey-OK107>Maur\PrpScer\UAS.cFa, indicating normal mushroom body development. Expression of Scer\GAL4ey-OK107>Maur\PrpScer\UAS.cFa is highly neurotoxic and results in the progressive degeneration of the mushroom body alpha lobes. The dynamic destruction of these projections can be seen by the active retraction of axonal terminals (blebbing).
The size of the Kenyon cell clusters in young flies expressing Maur\PrpScer\UAS.cFa under the control of Scer\GAL4ey-OK107 is comparable to controls, indicating normal Kenyon cell development. Older flies expressing Scer\GAL4ey-OK107>Maur\PrpScer\UAS.cFa display a dramatic reduction in cluster size, indicating significant cell loss.
Flies expressing Maur\PrpScer\UAS.cFa under the control of Scer\GAL4BG380 show severe locomotor dysfunction by the age of 3 days. 20-day-old flies expressing Scer\GAL4BG380>Maur\PrpScer\UAS.cFa are less active than controls and most flies appear paralysed for long periods of time. The walking speed of flies expressing Scer\GAL4BG380>Maur\PrpScer\UAS.cFa show a dramatic reduction compared with controls.
Scer\GAL4BG380-mediated expression of Maur\PrpScer\UAS.cFa triggers a severe locomotor dysfunction (decreased performance in climbing assay) only 3 days after eclosion, and by day 6 no climbing ability is registered. A similar effect is observed if Maur\PrpScer\UAS.cFa expression is induced after eclosion (day 1) using the Scer\GAL80 system.
Expression of Maur\PrpScer\UAS.cFa in all brain neurons using Scer\GAL4da.G32 results in normal brain architecture and cellular organization in 1 day old files. However, 30 day old flies display large holes in the brain and optic lobes - large and small vacuoles localize to the neuropile and the cortex. Additionally, the cortex is much thinner in the older flies, suggesting significant neuronal loss. The older fly brains also show cytosolic vacuolation, nuclear condensation and abnormal membrane folding.
40 day old, but not 1 day old, fly brains expressing Maur\PrpScer\UAS.cFa under the control of Scer\GAL4ey-OK107 display prominent degeneration of mushroom body alpha lobes.
Scer\GAL4Act.PU-mediated expression of Maur\PrpScer\UAS.cFa results in a steady decline in climbing ability over 20 days.
20 day old Scer\GAL4Act.PU Maur\PrpScer\UAS.cFa flies show reduced speed and distribution when tracked in a custom arena.
Maur\PrpUAS.cFa, Scer\GAL4Act.PU has abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage | progressive phenotype, suppressible | partially by Hsap\HSPA1LUAS.cWa, Scer\GAL4Act.PU
Scer\GAL4elav.PU/Maur\PrpUAS.cFa is a non-enhancer of visible | adult stage phenotype of Hsap\APPAβ42.UAS.cUa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
Scer\GAL4elav.PU/Maur\PrpUAS.cFa is a non-suppressor of visible | adult stage phenotype of Hsap\APPAβ42.UAS.cUa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
Maur\PrpUAS.cFa, Scer\GAL4da.G32 has adult brain | progressive phenotype, suppressible | partially by Hsap\HSPA1LUAS.cWa, Scer\GAL4da.G32
Maur\PrpUAS.cFa, Scer\GAL4ey-OK107 has adult mushroom body alpha-lobe | progressive phenotype, suppressible | partially by Hsap\HSPA1LUAS.cWa, Scer\GAL4ey-OK107
Scer\GAL4elav.PU/Maur\PrpUAS.cFa is a non-enhancer of eye phenotype of Hsap\APPAβ42.UAS.cUa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
Scer\GAL4elav.PU/Maur\PrpUAS.cFa is a non-suppressor of eye phenotype of Hsap\APPAβ42.UAS.cUa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
30 day old Maur\PrpScer\UAS.cFa Scer\GAL4da.G32 fly brains co-expressing Hsap\HSPA1LScer\UAS.cWa exhibit very few vacuolated cells and normal nuclei.
40 day old Maur\PrpScer\UAS.cFa Scer\GAL4ey-OK107 fly brains co-expressing Hsap\HSPA1LScer\UAS.cWa demonstrate robust protection of mushroom body projections.
Co-expression of Hsap\HSPA1LScer\UAS.cWa reduces the decline in climbing ability seen in Maur\PrpScer\UAS.cFa Scer\GAL4Act.PU flies.
Co-expression of Hsap\HSPA1LScer\UAS.cWa suppresses the reduced distribution and speed seen in 20 day old Maur\PrpScer\UAS.cFa Scer\GAL4Act.PU flies when tracked in a custom arena.