When embryos expressing RhoGEF2DHPH.UASp.CRY2(PHR),mCherry under the control of Scer\GAL4VP16.osk are exposed to uniform blue light, they exhibit dramatic dampening both of cortical contractions and of mid-embryo cytoplasmic flows, failure of nuclei to spread along the AP axis during interphase, impaired nuclear spreading (upon illumination during cycles 4 to 8), and anaphase delays when compared to controls.
Upon light-mediated recruitment of RhoGEF2 to the anterior
pole of the embryo expressing RhoGEF2DHPH.UASp.CRY2(PHR),mCherry under the control of Scer\GAL4VP16.osk, cortical flows are redirected toward the anterior pole; mid-embryo flows display unidirectional flows toward the posterior side of the embryo; and nuclei are consequently shuttled to the posterior side of the embryo when compared to controls.
Atha\CIB1CIBN(ΔNLS).UASp.EGFP.Tag:PM(hKRAS), RhoGEF2DHPH.UASp.CRY2(PHR),mCherry, Scer\GAL4VP16.osk has actomyosin contractile ring | embryonic stage 5 phenotype, non-enhanceable by Df(3R)Exel6218/Df(3R)Exel6218
Atha\CIB1CIBN(ΔNLS).UASp.EGFP.Tag:PM(hKRAS), RhoGEF2DHPH.UASp.CRY2(PHR),mCherry, Scer\GAL4VP16.osk has embryonic epidermis | embryonic stage 5 phenotype, non-enhanceable by Df(3R)Exel6218/Df(3R)Exel6218
Atha\CIB1CIBN(ΔNLS).UASp.EGFP.Tag:PM(hKRAS), RhoGEF2DHPH.UASp.CRY2(PHR),mCherry, Scer\GAL4VP16.osk has actomyosin contractile ring | embryonic stage 5 phenotype, non-suppressible by Df(3R)Exel6218/Df(3R)Exel6218
Atha\CIB1CIBN(ΔNLS).UASp.EGFP.Tag:PM(hKRAS), RhoGEF2DHPH.UASp.CRY2(PHR),mCherry, Scer\GAL4VP16.osk has embryonic epidermis | embryonic stage 5 phenotype, non-suppressible by Df(3R)Exel6218/Df(3R)Exel6218
Photogenetic activation/recruitment of RhoGEF2DHPH.UASp.CRY2(PHR),mCherry to membrane-tethered Atha\CIB1CIBN(ΔNLS).UASp.EGFP.Tag:PM(hKRAS) during embryo cellularization increases actomyosin contraction in all phases, although it is stronger in the priming and ring phases than in the hexagonal phase. Upon laser ablation, the initial recoil velocity and maximum tissue displacement are significantly increased during the ring phase, but not during the hexagonal phase.
In Df(3R)Exel6218 homozygotes, in which actomyosin fibers do not organize in a hexagonal array and instead constrict prematurely, the same photogenetic activation during early cellularization also leads to increased actomyosin contraction compared to non-activated mutants.