Mitochondrial ATP synthase (Complex V) synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using the energy provided by the proton electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) across the inner mitochondrial membrane generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. It is an F-type ATPase and consists of two structural domains: the F₁sector, a soluble portion situated in the mitochondrial matrix, and the F₀ sector, which spans the inner mitochondrial membrane. Protons pass from the inter membrane space to the matrix through F₀, which transfers the energy created by the proton-motive force to F₁ where ADP is phosphorylated to ATP using a rotational mechanism. (Adapted from PMID:23356252 and PMID:21874297).