Mitochondrial ATP synthase (Complex V) synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using the energy provided by the proton electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) across the inner mitochondrial membrane generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. It is an F-type ATPase and consists of two structural domains: the F1 sector, a soluble portion situated in the mitochondrial matrix, and the F0 sector, which spans the inner mitochondrial membrane. Protons pass from the inter membrane space to the matrix through F0, which transfers the energy created by the proton-motive force to F1 where ADP is phosphorylated to ATP using a rotational mechanism. (Adapted from PMID:23356252 and PMID:21874297).