G19184390A
E343K | gammaTub37C-PA; E343K | gammaTub37C-PB
G343K|FBrf0106869
E343K|FBrf0103392
embryo & mitosis & nuclear chromosome
Embryos derived from homozygous females contain polar bodies and do not contain large bipolar structures. Nuclear proliferation is severely affected in these embryos and normal mitotic spindles are not seen. The DNA content and size of the polar bodies is variable, and most do not appear round and homogeneous as in wild-type embryos. Chromosome content and chromatin condensation within the polar bodies is also variable and different from wild type. Some bipolar spindles are seen in these embryos, which have chromatin at the equator. These bipolar spindles are never seen in an anaphase or anaphase-like stage. Centrosomal material is usually associated with either one or both spindle poles. Some centrosomes have a small microtubule aster.
Eggs derived from γTub37C12/Df(2L)TE37C-7 females contain structures resembling polar bodies, but which sometimes contain more than 50 chromosomes. More than half of these polar body-like structures are juxtaposed to one or more bipolar spindles or minispindles. Less then 10% of eggs contain presumptive centrosomes.
The chromosome arrangement at metaphase-I arrest females is severely disrupted, the chromosomes are arranged randomly. 15% of meiotic figures are abnormal in oocytes. Defect is due to failure to organise the meiotic spindle. Cleavage divisions are also impaired, embryos display abnormal patterns of chromatin distribution, microtubule organisation is also extremely abnormal. Embryonic development is arrested before the syncytial blastoderm stage. Defects are due to a requirement for γTub37C function during embryogenesis. Females can be rescued to fertility by γTub37C+t7.2.
γTub37C12 is an enhancer of lethal | embryonic stage | recessive phenotype of ncd1
γTub37C12 is an enhancer of some die during embryonic stage | recessive phenotype of ncd2
γTub23CPI, γTub37C12 has female sterile phenotype
γTub23CPI, γTub37C12 has increased cell death | oogenesis phenotype
γTub23CPI, γTub37C12 has decreased fecundity | female phenotype
γTub23CPI, γTub37C12 has abnormal size | oogenesis phenotype
γTub23CPI, γTub37C12 has abnormal cell number | oogenesis phenotype
γTub23CPI, γTub37C12 has follicle cell phenotype
γTub23CPI, γTub37C12 has nurse cell phenotype
γTub23CPI, γTub37C12 has egg chamber phenotype
γTub23CPI, γTub37C12 has dorsal appendage phenotype
γTub23CPI, γTub37C12 has germline cell phenotype
γTub23CPI, γTub37C12 has germline cell | increased number | female phenotype
Homozygous γTub37C12, γTub23CPI females are sterile but lay a few eggs. Their ovaries are reduced in size and contain only a few egg chambers. Some of the ovaries are completely empty or contain only one or two degenerating egg chambers, whereas others contain some egg chambers at various stages of development, including mature oocytes. These phenotypes are rescued by the addition of either γTub37C+t7.2 or γTub23C+tLa. In γTub37C12, γTub23CPI females there are no significant differences between mutant and control in the average number of ovarioles per ovary. However more than half of the ovarioles are empty, and the average number of egg chambers per ovary in the mutant is about eight times less than in heterozygous flies and about half of them are abnormal. Within the egg chambers that develop, about 50% show abnormalities. Most abnormal egg chambers present one of three major phenotypes: degenerating egg chambers with pycnotic DNA, egg chambers with 14 nurse cells and two oocyte-like nuclei and compound egg chambers that contain >16 cells. the remaining abnormal egg chambers show a variety of phenotypes, which occur at a lower frequency. These include egg chambers with <16 germ cells, egg chambers with misplaced oocyte or abnormally shaped oocyte nucleus, oocytes containing endoreplicated nuclei, reduced oocyte growth, abnormal positioning of the dorsal appendages, and egg chambers containing 16 nurse cells and no oocyte. Egg chambers that contain too many germ cells are of two types in γTub23CPI, γTub37C12 mutants. In egg chambers which contain two distinct groups of nurse cell nuclei of different dimensions and two oocyte nuclei, the cause for the supernumerary germ cells was fusion. Consistently, in these egg chambers there are two distinct populations of ring canals and four ring canals by each oocyte. Two clearly distinct microtubule foci can be seen, each associated with one oocyte nucleus. In contrast, in egg chambers where the dimensions of most nurse cell nuclei and ring canals are mixed and heterogeneous, the supernumerary cells are probably produced by extra rounds of mitosis. At a low rate, egg chambers with too few germ cells are also observed in these ovaries and are in part produced by abnormal migration of the follicle cells within a forming egg chamber. A high percentage of the abnormal egg chambers found in γTub37C12, γTub23CPI double mutant females contain 14 nurse cell nuclei and two oocyte-like nuclei. In these cases, one of the two oocyte-like nuclei is always located posteriorly and within one of the four ring-canal cells of the cyst, like a wild-type oocyte. The second oocyte-like nucleus, on the other hand, can be found anywhere within the egg chamber, in cells with any number of ring canals. Thus, the ectopic oocyte-like nucleus does not belong to the second pro-oocyte. The level of endoreduplication of the ectopic oocyte-like nucleus is variable. The 14 + 2 egg chamber phenotype was never observed after stage 10.
γTub37C12 is rescued by γTub37C+t7.2
γTub37C12 is rescued by γTub37C+t7.2