At permissive temperatures of 18-20oC, put135/put62 embryos do not show significant axon guidance defects. At 23-25oC, these embryos show some guidance defects, affecting the intersegmental nerve and the SNa and SNb. At temperatures above 25oC, embryos of this genotype exhibit gross head involution and dorsal closure defects.
Homozygous embryos maintained at the restrictive temperature (25oC) have a single, large hole in the dorsal epidermis.
At 25oC, 17% of homozygous embryos have a strong dorsal-open phenotype (large holes in the dorsal cuticle), 42% have an intermediate phenotype (the dorsal cuticle is noticeably reduced, and there is increased curvature in the abdominal segments, resulting in a "tail-up" phenotype) and 42% have a weak phenotype (dorsal closure is completed and there are minor defects in the dorsal cuticle). put10/put62 adults are viable, and sometimes show defects in wing venation, with ectopic venation stemming from the posterior crossvein into the second posterior cell. put62/put135 flies are inviable at 25oC and fully viable at 18oC. put62/put135 flies maintained at 18oC throughout embryogenesis and then shifted to 25oC show a marked reduction in viability and are grossly deformed. These animals all have notal defects, usually medial notal clefts, and have leg defects in 99% of cases, which include truncations, bifurcations and abnormal twists. Distal pattern elements are usually deleted in at least one limb. Duplications of sex combs are often seen on the forelegs. 97% of these flies have gross eye and antennal defects. The eyes are highly disorganised and have a reduced number of ommatidia and bristles. Antennal defects include duplications and deletions of distal pattern elements.
Produces a higher number of clones and larger clones than put135. Clones induced in 2nd instar larvae that arose in ventral regions or were proximal to the distal tibia have no effect on bristle pattern. However clones close on the extreme dorsal surface of distal leg segments show a loss of dorsal structures, duplication of ventral structures and dorsal bifurcations. Duplicated structures frequently contain wild-type bristles. Clones in adult wings cause reduced wing size, ectopic vein formation, blisters and ectopic wing margin structures.
put62 is a non-enhancer of partially lethal - majority die phenotype of Neto109
put62/witG15 is a non-enhancer of partially lethal - majority die phenotype of Neto109
Larvae that are heterozygous for both put62 and witG15 have a similar number of boutons to wild type.
Larvae that are heterozygous for both Neto36 and put62 have a similar number of boutons to wild type.
Larvae that are heterozygous for Neto36, witG15 and put62 have smaller NMJs with 25% fewer synaptic boutons.
Selected as: ry- excision allele.
Three classes of put allele can be identified with respect to decreasing severity of wing venation phenotypes with put10 : Class I (put10460 = put62) > Class II (put51 = put88 = put135) > Class III (put10 = put24 = put97).