FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\put[135]

Six days after induction of intestinal stem cell (ISC) clones, the number of cells in put¹³⁵ mutant clones is significantly higher than in wild-type clones. After 24-h bleomycin treatment, the mean cell number per put¹³⁵ mutant clone is larger than the mean cell number per wild-type clone.

(Guo et al., 2013)

At permissive temperatures of 18-20^oC, put¹³⁵/put⁶² embryos do not show significant axon guidance defects. At 23-25^oC, these embryos show some guidance defects, affecting the intersegmental nerve and the SNa and SNb. At temperatures above 25^oC, embryos of this genotype exhibit gross head involution and dorsal closure defects.

(Serpe and O'Connor, 2006)

When flies with dorsal cluster neuron put¹³⁵ clones are reared at the restrictive temperature, fewer neurites from these clones reach the contralateral chiasm/medulla than when these flies are reared at the permissive temperature. Mosaic analysis shows that flies must be cultured at the restrictive temperature as 3rd-instar larvae to show this effect.

(Zheng et al., 2006)

When neutral marked clones are induced in the ovary, the proportion of germaria carrying marked somatic stem cells 3 weeks after clone induction is around 70% of that seen on week after clone induction. However, for put¹³⁵ homozygous clones, the equivalent figure is around 20%.

(Kirilly et al., 2005)

put¹³⁵/put¹⁰⁴⁶⁰ males raised to adulthood at 18^oC and then shifted to 22^oC for 7 days have normal numbers of germline stems cells per testis. However, one week at 29^oC is sufficient to almost completely eliminate germline stem cells in these animals. Clones of male put¹³⁵ homozygous germline stem cells are still present in 21% of testes one week after clone induction and none are present two weeks after clone induction. This is in contrast to wild-type control clones, which are present in 82% of testes one week after clone induction and 64% two weeks after clone induction.

(Kawase et al., 2004)

put¹³⁵/put⁵¹ animals raised at 18^oC have reduced body and muscle size, but the number of synaptic boutons in these mutants is normal.

(McCabe et al., 2004)

The average number of crystal cells per embryo is reduced in homozygous stage 13-14 embryos (raised at the nonpermissive temperature of 30^oC) compared to wild type.

(Milchanowski et al., 2004)

At eclosion put¹⁰⁴⁶⁰/put¹³⁵ adult females raised at 18^oC have normal numbers of germ-line stem cells, but after 2 days at 29^oC 53% of germaria in these flies have one or no germline stem cells.

(Song et al., 2004)

Homozygous germ line clones (either germ line stem cells or spermatocytes) are generated in the testis, but they do not persist to the same extent as wild-type control clones. put¹³⁵/put¹⁰⁴⁶⁰ males shifted to the restrictive temperature of 29^oC after eclosion have smaller and thinner testes than control males after 7 days at 29^oC. The testes also show an apparent reduction in the number of early germ cells, particularly spermatogonia and germ line stem cells.

(Shivdasani and Ingham, 2003)

Mutant clones fail to exhibit any visible defects in mushroom body remodelling.

(Zheng et al., 2003)

The Malpighian tubules of homozygous embryos vary in width along their length. The tubules grow to approximately normal size but do not complete cell rearrangement. When the tubules are fully developed, the distal segments are elongated, but the proximal 80% or more of the tubules are unelongated. The width of the tubules in some portions appears greater than the width of normal tubules before elongation, but the lumens are not enlarged.

(Jack and Myette, 1999)

Clones homozygous for put¹³⁵ or put¹³⁵/put¹⁰⁴⁶⁰ induced in the pleura cause no mutant phenotype.

(Kopp et al., 1999)

put¹³⁵/put¹⁰⁴⁶⁰ animals shifted from 16 to 28^oC 6 days after egg deposition show loss of the dorsocentral macrochaetae, although lateral macrochaetae and the field of microchaetae remain. There is also loss of wing tissue. put¹³⁵/put¹⁰⁴⁶⁰ animals shifted from 16 to 28^oC during larval 7 days after egg deposition produce extra dorsocentral macrochaetae.

(Phillips et al., 1999)

Homozygous embryos show bunching of epidermal segments at the end of dorsal closure.

(Ricos et al., 1999)

Lethal in transheterozygous combination with put^D13 or put^D18.

(Chen et al., 1998)

put¹⁰/put¹³⁵ adults are viable, and sometimes show defects in wing venation. Temperature shift experiments using put¹³⁵/put⁸⁸ animals indicate that there is an absolute requirement for zygotic put function between 8 and 12 hours of embryogenesis. put⁶²/put¹³⁵ flies are inviable at 25^oC and fully viable at 18^oC. put⁶²/put¹³⁵ flies maintained at 18^oC throughout embryogenesis and then shifted to 25^oC show a marked reduction in viability and are grossly deformed. These animals all have notal defects, usually medial notal clefts, and have leg defects in 99% of cases, which include truncations, bifurcations and abnormal twists. Distal pattern elements are usually deleted in at least one limb. Duplications of sex combs are often seen on the forelegs. 97% of these flies have gross eye and antennal defects. The eyes are highly disorganised and have a reduced number of ommatidia and bristles. Antennal defects include duplications and deletions of distal pattern elements.

(Simin et al., 1998)

put¹⁰⁴⁶⁰/put¹³⁵ animals raised at the permissive temperature (18^oC) and then shifted to the nonpermissive temperature (29^oC) at about 48 hours before pupariation lack the dorsocentral sensory mother cells in the thoracic discs. put¹⁰⁴⁶⁰/put¹³⁵ animals raised at the permissive temperature (18^oC) and then shifted to 25^oC have one or a few extra sensory mother cells in the thoracic discs.

(Tomoyasu et al., 1998)

Clonal analysis in the germarium reveals that mutant stem cells are lost more rapidly than wild type, though there is no effect on the formation of 16 cell cysts or their subsequent development. Stem cell half life is 0.41 weeks (wild type being 4.6 weeks). Stem cell division rate relative to control is 0.37.

(Xie and Spradling, 1998)

Somatic clones in the male testis produce overproliferating germ cells, a cyst contains many more than 16 cells that are much smaller than wild type. Germ line clones do not show overproliferation of the germ cells.

(Matunis et al., 1997)

Embryos exhibit a partial dorsal closure phenotype.

(Riesgo-Escovar and Hafen, 1997)

All dorsal branches of the tracheal system are absent and defects in the ventral branches are occasionally observed when embryos are collected at 29^oC.

(Vincent et al., 1997)

Mutant embryos show absence of the dorsal branch and reduced lateral trunks. The visceral branch forms normally.

(Wappner et al., 1997)

Large mutant clones covering almost the entire adult eye are generally wild type (with a small amount of wild type tissue at the posterior border); ommatidia are normal, occasional vacuoles between the ommatidia are observed. The head of an adult fly with mutant clones has no eye structures, only head cuticle is present where the eye normally forms.

(Burke and Basler, 1996)

Wing clones induced in mid-to-late third instar larvae are small due to their late induction time but cause visible mutant phenotypes: gaps, splits, vein indentations and additional vein material abutting normal veins.

(Burke and Basler, 1996)

put¹³⁵/put¹⁰⁴⁶⁰ transheterozygous pharate adults heat shocked during late first and early second instar have legs in which dorsal structures are absent and ventral structures are duplicated. On the distal tibia of the second leg there are two apical bristles which are indicators of the ventral-most cell fate in leg discs. Pharate adults exhibit reduced or missing eyes and duplicated antenna.

(Theisen et al., 1996)

Dorsal open phenotype and head defects become more severe at the higher temperatures. sax¹/sax² put¹³⁵/put⁺ individuals lack the posterior cross vein.

(Letsou et al., 1995)

Severe head defects and dorsal open phenotype. Embryos lacking maternal and paternal put contribution are completely ventralised.

(Ruberte et al., 1995)

put¹³⁵ embryos are open anterodorsally.

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

embryonic lethal Dorsal part of embryo open.

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

put¹³⁵ is a non-enhancer of partially lethal - majority die phenotype of Neto¹⁰⁹

(Sulkowski et al., 2014)

wit^G4/put¹³⁵ is a non-enhancer of partially lethal - majority die phenotype of Neto¹⁰⁹

(Sulkowski et al., 2014)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

put[+]/put¹³⁵ is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^A9, gbb^UAS.cKa

(Bangi and Wharton, 2006)

put¹³⁵ is a suppressor of visible phenotype of upd1^GMR.PB

(Bach et al., 2003)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

put¹³⁵ is a non-suppressor of increased occurrence of cell division | germline clone | spermatogenesis phenotype of bam^Δ86

(Shivdasani and Ingham, 2003)

Other

Statement

Reference

NPFR^sk8, put[+]/put¹³⁵ has decreased cell number | oogenesis | conditional phenotype

(Ameku et al., 2018)

Mad^D14, put¹³⁵ has visible | dominant phenotype

(Chen et al., 1998)

Mad^D15, put¹³⁵ has visible | dominant phenotype

(Chen et al., 1998)

Mad^D24, put¹³⁵ has visible | dominant phenotype

(Chen et al., 1998)

Mad^D3, put¹³⁵ has visible | dominant phenotype

(Chen et al., 1998)

gbb^D20, put¹³⁵ has visible | dominant phenotype

(Chen et al., 1998)

gbb^D4, put¹³⁵ has visible | dominant phenotype

(Chen et al., 1998)

gbb^D8, put¹³⁵ has visible | dominant phenotype

(Chen et al., 1998)

E(tkv)D1^D1, put¹³⁵ has visible | dominant phenotype

(Chen et al., 1998)

E(tkv)D2^D2, put¹³⁵ has visible | dominant phenotype

(Chen et al., 1998)

Phenotype Manifest In

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

put¹³⁵ has embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk phenotype, non-suppressible by reb^UAS.Tag:HA/Scer\GAL4^btl.PS

(Chandran et al., 2018)

put¹³⁵ has embryonic/larval dorsal tracheal branch phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4^btl.PS/exp^B.UAS.Tag:HA

(Iordanou et al., 2014)

put¹³⁵ has follicle stem cell | somatic clone phenotype, non-suppressible by BacA\p35^UAS.cUa/Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

(Kirilly et al., 2005)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

put¹³⁵ is an enhancer of phenotype of tkv⁶

(Chen et al., 1998)

put¹³⁵ is an enhancer of phenotype of ea^161.13

(George and Terracol, 1997)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

put¹³⁵ is a non-enhancer of embryonic/larval tracheal lateral trunk phenotype of exp¹³⁵

(Iordanou et al., 2014)

put¹³⁵ is a non-enhancer of embryonic/larval ganglionic tracheal branch phenotype of exp¹³⁵

(Iordanou et al., 2014)

put[+]/put¹³⁵ is a non-enhancer of embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | dorsal | germline clone phenotype of bai¹

(Bartoszewski et al., 2004)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

put[+]/put¹³⁵ is a suppressor of wing vein phenotype of Scer\GAL4^A9, gbb^UAS.cKa

(Bangi and Wharton, 2006)

put¹³⁵ is a suppressor of eye phenotype of upd1^GMR.PB

(Bach et al., 2003)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

put¹³⁵ is a non-suppressor of embryonic/larval tracheal lateral trunk phenotype of exp¹³⁵

(Iordanou et al., 2014)

put¹³⁵ is a non-suppressor of embryonic/larval ganglionic tracheal branch phenotype of exp¹³⁵

(Iordanou et al., 2014)

put¹³⁵ is a non-suppressor of female germline stem cell | germline clone phenotype of bam^Δ86

(Jin et al., 2008)

put¹³⁵ is a non-suppressor of spermatogonium | increased number | germline clone phenotype of bam^Δ86

(Shivdasani and Ingham, 2003)

put¹³⁵ is a non-suppressor of testis | germline clone phenotype of bam^Δ86

(Shivdasani and Ingham, 2003)

put¹³⁵ is a non-suppressor of phenotype of Src42A^Su(Raf)1-1

(Zhang et al., 1999)

Other

Statement

Reference

NPFR^sk8, put[+]/put¹³⁵ has female germline stem cell | conditional phenotype

(Ameku et al., 2018)

put¹³⁵, tkv⁸ has tracheal pit phenotype

(Wappner et al., 1997)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

NPFR^sk8, put¹³⁵ double heterozygous females fail to show the expected mating-induced increase in germline stem cells in the germarium, as compared to heterozygous controls.

(Ameku et al., 2018)

A put¹³⁵ background has no effect on the tracheal cyst phenotype of exp¹³⁵ embryos.

(Iordanou et al., 2014)

bam^Δ86 put¹³⁵ double mutant germline stem cell (GSC) clones retain a similar ability to bam^Δ86 single mutant GSCs to outcompete wild type GSCs in the same niches.

(Jin et al., 2008)

Embryos derived from germ-line clones that are homozygous for bai¹ and heterozygous for put¹³⁵ are weakly ventralised.

(Bartoszewski et al., 2004)

bam^Δ86 put¹³⁵ double mutant germ line clones in the testis behave as bam^Δ86 single mutant clones and overproliferate as spermatogonia-like cells, suggesting that bam is epistatic to put.

(Shivdasani and Ingham, 2003)

Does not suppress the ability of Src42A^Su(phl)1-1 to suppress the lethality of phl¹/Y flies.

(Zhang et al., 1999)

Enhances the tkv⁶ homozygous phenotype. No interaction with tkv⁶ is seen in double heterozygous flies. Double heterozygotes with E(tkv)D1^D1, E(tkv)D2^D2, Mad^D3, Mad^D15, Mad^D24, Mad^D14, gbb^D4, gbb^D8 or gbb^D20 may show imaginal disc development defects. No interaction with tkv^D17, Mad^D16 or Med^D5 is seen in double heterozygous flies.

(Chen et al., 1998)

tkv⁸ put¹³⁵ double mutants exhibit cells that remain in the original position in the tracheal pit and do not migrate.

(Wappner et al., 1997)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Comments

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (1)

Bloomington

3100

st¹ put¹³⁵ e¹/TM3, Ser¹

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Comments

Three classes of put allele can be identified with respect to decreasing severity of wing venation phenotypes with put¹⁰ : Class I (put¹⁰⁴⁶⁰ = put⁶²) > Class II (put⁵¹ = put⁸⁸ = put¹³⁵) > Class III (put¹⁰ = put²⁴ = put⁹⁷).

(Simin et al., 1998)

put¹³⁵/put¹⁰⁴⁶⁰ transheterozygotes are referred to as "put^ts" embryos, non-permissive temperature 25^oC.

(Theisen et al., 1996)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Punt¹³⁵

(Liu et al., 2023)

dlhC¹

punt^135-22(ts)

(Zheng et al., 2006)

punt^135-22

(Serpe and O'Connor, 2006, Zheng et al., 2003, Theisen et al., 1996)

punt¹³⁵

(Wang et al., 2019, Chandran et al., 2018, Iordanou et al., 2014, Yu et al., 2009, Jin et al., 2008, Kirilly et al., 2005, Chen et al., 1998, Horsfield et al., 1998, Simin et al., 1998, Tomoyasu et al., 1998, Goto and Hayashi, 1997, Matunis et al., 1997, Vincent et al., 1997, Burke and Basler, 1996, Burke and Basler, 1996)

put-ts

(Tomoyasu et al., 2000)

put^135-22

(McCabe et al., 2004)

put¹³⁵

(Peterson et al., 2022, Ameku et al., 2018, Hevia and de Celis, 2013, Salzer et al., 2010, Bangi and Wharton, 2006)

Name Synonyms

punt135

(Guo et al., 2013)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBal0002692

References (53)

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