Total daily sleep of flies expressing CanA1^GD16976 in all neurons under the control of Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 decreases to about half or one-fifth that of control flies, respectively. Total sleep for subjective day and subjective night also decreases significantly in these flies. These flies exhibit a substantial circadian rhythmicity of locomotor activity at an approximate 24 hour period in dark/dark conditions.

Approximately 16% of flies expressing CanA1^GD16976 in all neurons under the control of Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 are aroused by a weak stimulus compared with 43% of control flies. In response to a strong stimulus, approximately 52% of CanA1^GD16976-expressing flies are aroused, compared to 86% of controls. Despite a short sleep phenotype, sleeping CanA1^GD16976 flies are hypo-responsive to mechanical stimuli compared to control flies. In contrast, spontaneous arousal during the subjective night is not significantly different between these flies and controls.

Flies expressing CanA1^GD16976 in all neurons under the control of Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 are able to compensate for acute sleep loss. After mechanical sleep deprivation for 12 hours during subjective night, these flies exhibit a homeostatic response.

The immediate memory (3 min memory) of flies expressing CanA1^GD16976 in all neurons under the control of Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 is indistinguishable from that of control flies. In contrast, the 2 hour memory of these flies decreases significantly compared with control flies, indicating a defect in the maintenance of memory rather than the acquisition of memory. This defective memory retention is not attributable to abnormal sensorimotor responses as these flies respond normally to both odours (3-octanol and 4-methylcyclohexanol) and to electrical shock.

Expression under the control of Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237 results in bristle morphology defects on the notum in 0% or 10-20% of the Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237 expression domain, depending on the insertion line used.

Expression under the control of Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237 results in the absence of 60-70% or 90-100% of the Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237-expressing area of the notum, depending on the insertion line used.