Homozygous pasha^KO mutants die as malformed pupae with severely reduced central nervous systems.

Homozygous pasha^KO adult mushroom body clones display a reduction in cell number and absence of α'/β' and α/β neurons. γ neurons show disorganisation and mistargeting, as evidenced by inappropriate extension across the midline.

Homozygous anterodorsal projection neuron (adPN) clones show a modest reduction in cell number compared to controls when analysed at the adult stage. This cell number defect is not seen in homozygous adPN clones in which only early larval born adPNs are marked, but these clones show dendritic mistargeting, as indicated by spillover of dendritic branches into incorrect glomerular classes.

Mutant third instar larvae usually lack any obvious imaginal discs.

Homozygotes die as late third instar larvae. Homozygous larvae essentially lack imaginal discs, with only rudiments remaining. The optic lobes are also strongly reduced in size, although the brain stem appear fairly normal.

Females containing homozygous germline clones are unable to lay eggs.

Homozygous clones result in wing blistering, external loss of notum bristles and small, rough eyes.

Random homozygous clones induced in the imaginal discs are smaller than their wild-type twin spots.

Homozygous clones contribute far less to the adult eye than their wild-type twin spots.

Homozygous clones induced in the eye disc are unable to eliminate Minute heterozygous

cells, in contrast to wild-type clones.