Inhibition (using shi^{ts1.IVS.p10.20xUAS} at 32[o]C) of Scer\GAL4^G0239 cells in adults during retrieval alone, but not acquisition and consolidation, significantly reduces 24-hour associative olfactory water-reward memory, compared to controls; inhibition during retrieval does not significantly affect 3-hour memory; inhibition has no effect on odor acuity or water preference, compared to controls.

Inhibition (using shi^1.UAS at 33[o]C) of Scer\GAL4^G0239 cells in adults during the testing phase alone significantly reduces appetitive 24-hour memory, compared to controls; there is no effect when inhibition occurs only during the training and consolidation phases and no effect on 30-min or 2-h appetitive memory; there is no effect of inactivation during testing on aversive memory in fed flies, however, inactivation prevents the significant increase in 24-h aversive memory observed in controls when flies are starved until after training.

Thermogenetic activation (using TrpA1^UAS.(B).cKa at 33[o]C) of Scer\GAL4^G0239 cells in adults during the testing phase alone significantly reduces appetitive 24-hour memory, compared to controls, with no effect on 2-h appetitive memory or 24-h aversive memory.