Optogenetic activation (using Crei\ChR2^XXL.UAS with 470 nm (blue) light) of neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 pair of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R36B06 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R13D05 in larvae, in combination with a paired odor, results in a significant increase in short-term associative attractive olfactory memory, compared to controls.

Inhibition (using Hsap\KCNJ2^5XUAS.EGFP) of neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 pair of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R36B06 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R13D05 in third instar larvae does not significantly affect short-term associative appetitive olfactory memory following training with fructose, low salt, aspartic acid, arabinose or sorbitol, innate odor (n-amylacetate) preference or innate fructose preference, compared to controls.

Optogenetic activation (using Crei\ChR2^XXL.UAS with 470 nm (blue) light) of neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 pair of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R36B06 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R13D05 in third instar larvae, before or during exposure to a paired odor, results in a significant increase in short-term associative attractive olfactory memory, compared to controls; if the odor is provided after activation, rather than before or during activation, there is a significant increase in short-term associative aversive olfactory memory, compared to controls.

Optogenetic activation (using Crei\ChR2^{XXL.UAS.tdTomato} with 470 nm (blue) light or using Cnoc\ChR1^{Cs.IVS.20xUAS.Venus} with 630 nm (red) light) of neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 pair of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R36B06 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R13D05 in third instar larvae, in combination with a paired odor, results in a significant increase in short-term associative attractive olfactory memory, compared to controls.