Optogenetic activation (using Cnoc\ChR1^{Cs.IVS.20xUAS.Venus} with 660 nm (red) light) of neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 pair of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R20G03 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R12C11 in larvae significantly induces rolling behaviors, compared to controls; when optogenetic activation is restricted to small clones of these cells (using hs-FLP to excise a stop codon from Cnoc\ChR1^{Cs.20xUAS.FRT.Venus} to generate Cnoc\ChR1^{Cs.20xUAS.Venus}), activating a single larval abdominal 4 Wave neuron significantly increases forwards locomotion, whereas activating a single larval abdominal 3 Wave neuron significantly increases backwards locomotion, and activation of both of these neurons induces wiggling and bending (rolling behaviors), compared to controls.

Inhibition (using shi^1.UAS at 31[o]C) of neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 pair of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R20G03 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R12C11 in larvae significantly reduces the probability of backwards motion in response to a head touch and significantly increases the latency in transit to forwards locomotion, compared to controls, with no effect on the backwards response to blue light.