Ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzymes accept activated ubiquitin from ubiquitin-activating (E1) enzymes via thioester bond with a conserved catalytic cysteine. E2s then interact with ubiquitin ligases (E3) to directly or indirectly ubiquitinate target proteins. E2s are characterised by a 200 amino acid ubiquitin-conjugating (UBC) domain which interacts with E1 and E3s and acts catalytically. (Adapted from
PMID:19940261.)