Carbohydrate metabolism encompasses all the pathways involved in the formation, breakdown, and interconversion of carbohydrates. Sugars are metabolized in the cytosol and serve as energy stores, fuels and metabolite intermediates. For example, in glycolysis, glucose is catabolized into pyruvate, an intermediate involved in energy production, while in the pentose phosphate shunt, glucose oxidation generates various monosaccharides including ribose 5-phosphate, a precursor of nucleotide synthesis. Glucose can also be used to store energy in the form of the polymer glycogen. (Adapted from PMID: 33397651 and
FBrf0237442.)