FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\wrl

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\wrl

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

whirligig

Annotation Symbol

Feature Type

gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0004023

Gene Model Status

Unannotated

Stock Availability

None publicly available

Gene Summary

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

nc4

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (2 terms)

Molecular Function (0 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Biological Process (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in microtubule-based process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Green et al., 1990)

involved_in sperm axoneme assembly

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Green et al., 1990)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Cellular Component (0 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

wrl: whirligig (L.L. Green)

Male sterile. Males homozygous for wrl have defects in post-meiotic spermatid differentiation, including disordered spermatid components, disrupted flagellar axonemes, and axonemes lacking one or both central pair microtubules. Axonemes commonly show defects in the structure of the outer doublet or accessory microtubules. Onion stage early spermatids normal, indicating normal meiosis. Homozygous viable and female fertile. wrl acts as a dominant enhancer of tubulin mutants. Alleles obtained by reverting the failure of wrl to complement βTub85Dn are dominant male sterile, but are suppressed (restored to fertility) when heterozygous with some mutant alleles of αTub84B or βTub85D. A deficiency for 88C2-E3 generated using Tp(3;1)kar51 and Tp(3;2)ry+ is semi-dominant male sterile, but is restored to fertility when heterozygous with βTub85Dn Together these results indicate that wrl may be responsible for haploinsufficiency for male fertility located in polytene interval 88C-D. The genetic interactions between mutations in wrl and tubulin mutants indicates that the wrl gene product could play a role in microtubule function.

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\wrl using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

NA

Transcript Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\wrl in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\wrl

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\wrl

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 4 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 0 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of wrl

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of wrl

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 4 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3R)kar^5l

(Green et al., 1990)

Gene duplicated in

Dp(3;3)E(var)88D11

(Green et al., 1990)

Gene not disrupted in

Df(3R)red3l

(Green et al., 1990, Fuller, 1986)

Gene not duplicated in

Dp(3;2)ry⁺

(Green et al., 1990)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

viable

wrl¹

Sterility

Allele

male sterile | dominant

male sterile | recessive

wrl¹

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

spermatid axoneme

wrl¹

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (0)

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:wrl. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

βTub85D

enhanceable

wrl

(Green et al., 1990, Fuller, 1986)

External Data

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0004023

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

45952

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Class of Gene

gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-54.4

Cytogenetic map

88C2-88D6

Sequence location

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

88C2-88D6

Left limit from recombination mapping relative to cv-c (FBrf0051995) Right limit from inclusion within Tp(3;1)kar^5l (FBrf0051995)

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-54.4 +/- 0.2

(Green et al., 1990)

3-54.2 +/- 0.2

(Fuller, 1986)

3-54.4

Left of (cM)

(Green et al., 1990)

(Fuller, 1986)

Right of (cM)

cv-c

(Green et al., 1990, Fuller, 1986)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (0)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Genomic Clones (0)

cDNA Clones (0)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

wrl is required for post-meiotic stages of spermatid differentiation and is haploinsufficient for male fertility. Phenotypic analysis of mutant alleles suggests that the wrl gene product is required for the correct architecture of the sperm flagellar axoneme.

(Green et al., 1990)

Male sterile. Males homozygous for wrl have defects in post-meiotic spermatid differentiation, including disordered spermatid components, disrupted flagellar axonemes and axonemes lacking one or both central pair microtubules. Axonemes commonly show defects in the structure of the outer doublet or accessory microtubules. Onion stage early spermatids normal, indicating normal meiosis. Homozygous viable and female fertile. wrl acts as a dominant enhancer of tubulin mutants. Alleles obtained by reverting the failure of wrl to complement βTub85Dⁿ are dominant male sterile, but are suppressed (restored to fertility) when heterozygous with some mutant alleles of αTub84B or βTub85D. A deficiency for 88C2-E3 generated using Tp(3;1)kar^5l and Tp(3;2)ry⁺ is semidominant male sterile, but is restored to fertility when heterozygous with βTub85Dⁿ Together these results indicate that wrl may be responsible for haploinsufficiency for male fertility located in polytene interval 88C-D. The genetic interactions between mutations in wrl and tubulin mutants indicates that the wrl gene product could play a role in microtubule function.

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (5)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

EcRms4

ms(3)nc4

nc4

(Fuller, 1986)

wrl

(Hawley and Gilliland, 2006)

Name Synonyms

whirligig

(Hawley and Gilliland, 2006)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 2 )

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0004023

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

45952

References (12)

NA

Report Sections