FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Orcokinin

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Orcokinin

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Orcokinin

Annotation Symbol

CG13565

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0034935

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

7 publicly available

Gene Summary

Orcokinin (Orcokinin) encodes a neuropeptide whose knockdown causes a disinhibition of male courtship behavior, including the occurrence of male to male courtship, and a reduction in egg production. [Date last reviewed: 2022-03-10] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

OK-A, OK-B, Orcokinin B

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

60A13-60A13

Sequence location

2R:23,946,959..23,949,076 [-]

Recombination map

2-105

RefSeq locus

NT_033778 REGION:23946959..23949076

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (4 terms)

Molecular Function (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables neuropeptide activity

non-traceable author statement

(Silva et al., 2021)

Biological Process (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in male courtship behavior

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Silva et al., 2021)

involved_in positive regulation of oogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Silva et al., 2021)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Cellular Component (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in extracellular space

non-traceable author statement

(Silva et al., 2021)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

NEUROPEPTIDES

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

NEUROPEPTIDES -: Neuropeptides are secreted into the extracellular space where they interact with cell surface receptors (usually G protein coupled receptors). They are extremely diverse, acting as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, hormones or growth factors. (Adapted from FBrf0211443 and PMID:27813667).

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Orcokinin for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9W1F8)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Orcokinin-RA

FBtr0072209

NM_138008

593

133

Orcokinin-RB

FBtr0331981

NM_001274231

1071

127

Orcokinin-RC

FBtr0345932

NM_001299870

611

127

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Orcokinin-PA

FBpp0072118

14.8

133

7.94

FBpp0304306

14.3

127

7.41

FBpp0311846

14.3

127

7.41

A0A0B4LHE6

NP_001286799

AHN56594

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

127 aa isoforms: Orcokinin-PB, Orcokinin-PC

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Orcokinin using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

CG13565_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.67

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

amnioserosa

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

amnioserosa

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

apoptotic amnioserosa

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic dorsal epidermis

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral midline of embryo

(Fisher et al., 2012)

third instar larval stage

abdominal neuron | subset

(Chen et al., 2015)

larval digestive system | restricted

(Chen et al., 2015)

larval central nervous system | restricted

(Kim and Marqués, 2010)

adult stage

posterior lateral protocerebrum | restricted

(Chen et al., 2015)

accessory medulla | restricted

(Chen et al., 2015)

adult ventral nerve cord cell body rind | restricted

(Chen et al., 2015)

enteroendocrine cell | subset

(Chen et al., 2015)

Additional Descriptive Data

Orcokinin transcript A is expressed in one large pair of neuronal cell bodies in the posterior lateral protocerebrum and in four pairs of neurons in the accessory medulla. One pair of neurons positioned between the metathoracic and the abdominal neuromere is labeled as well. In the larva probes against transcript A are detected in five pairs of abdominal neurons. In the CNS Orcokinin transcript B is only detected in one large unpaired cell of the adult abdominal ganglion. Orcokinin B mRNA is also detected in the larval digestive system and in adult enteroendocrine cells.

(Chen et al., 2015)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval stage

embryonic/larval posterior midgut | restricted

(Veenstra and Ida, 2014)

embryonic/larval anterior midgut | restricted

(Veenstra and Ida, 2014)

enteroendocrine cell

(Veenstra and Ida, 2014)

third instar larval stage

abdominal neuron | subset

(Chen et al., 2015)

larval digestive system | restricted

(Chen et al., 2015)

adult stage

posterior lateral protocerebrum | restricted

(Chen et al., 2015)

accessory medulla | restricted

(Chen et al., 2015)

adult ventral nerve cord cell body rind | restricted

(Chen et al., 2015)

adult midgut | restricted

(Veenstra and Ida, 2014)

enteroendocrine cell

(Veenstra and Ida, 2014)

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

enteroendocrine cell | subset

(Chen et al., 2015)

Additional Descriptive Data

Orcokinin isoform A is expressed in one large pair of neuronal cell bodies in the posterior lateral protocerebrum and in four pairs of neurons in the accessory medulla. One pair of neurons positioned between the metathoracic and the abdominal neuromere is labeled as well. In the larva isoform A is detected in five pairs of abdominal neurons. In the CNS Orcokinin isoform B is only detected in one large unpaired cell of the adult abdominal ganglion. Orcokinin B is also detected in the larval digestive system and in adult enteroendocrine cells.

(Chen et al., 2015)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{Orcokinin-GAL4.C}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

third instar larval stage

abdominal neuron | subset

(Chen et al., 2015)

larval digestive system | restricted

(Chen et al., 2015)

adult stage

posterior lateral protocerebrum | restricted

(Chen et al., 2015)

accessory medulla | restricted

(Chen et al., 2015)

adult brain | restricted

(Chen et al., 2015)

adult ventral nerve cord cell body rind | restricted

(Chen et al., 2015)

enteroendocrine cell | subset

(Chen et al., 2015)

Reporter: P{Orcokinin-GAL4.V}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval stage

embryonic/larval posterior midgut | restricted

(Veenstra and Ida, 2014)

embryonic/larval anterior midgut | restricted

(Veenstra and Ida, 2014)

enteroendocrine cell

(Veenstra and Ida, 2014)

adult stage

adult midgut | restricted

(Veenstra and Ida, 2014)

enteroendocrine cell

(Veenstra and Ida, 2014)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Orcokinin in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Orcokinin

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Orcokinin

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0034935

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

37806/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0034935

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0034935

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0034935

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG13565

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0034935

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\Orcokinin

Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 5 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Orcokinin

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Orcokinin

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(2R)Exel6080

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Inferred from location ( 6 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Orcokinin^GD4823

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Orcokinin^GD4823

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Orcokinin^GD4823

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (0)

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)

Cele\F46C5.1

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\F46C5.10

1 of 14

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Orcokinin. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

63396

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0034935

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-105

Cytogenetic map

60A13-60A13

Sequence location

2R:23,946,959..23,949,076 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

60A13-60A13

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}Tal^EP489&P{EP}CG3065^EP316 and P{lacW}Phm^k07623&P{lacW}tsr^k05633

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-105

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-109.8

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (7)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

84558

w^*; TI{TI}Orcokinin^attP/CyO

80808

y¹, v¹; P{TKO.GS04611}attP40

61833

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMJ23316}attP40

26947

y¹ w^*; P{EP}Orcokinin^G18920

92253

y¹ w^*; TI{CRIMIC.TG4.1}Orcokinin^{CR02407-TG4.1}

VDRC

v106882

P{KK111404}VIE-260B

v12876

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD4823}v12876

Genomic Clones (24)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (16)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

RH09340

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0034935

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0034935

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Veenstra and Ida, 2014)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: CG13565 BcDNA:RH09340

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

Source for merge of CG13565 BcDNA:RH09340 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Orcokinin CG13565

(Veenstra and Ida, 2014)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (12)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

BcDNA:RH09340

CG13565

(Mao et al., 2024, Veenstra and Ida, 2014, Thomas et al., 2012, Stagg et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Kim and Marqués, 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Seugnet et al., 2009, Wheeler et al., 2008, Ferjoux et al., 2007)

CG1565

(Liu et al., 2006)

(Obniski et al., 2018)

OK-A

(Nässel, 2025, Nässel et al., 2019)

OK-B

(Nässel and Zandawala, 2020, Nässel et al., 2019)

OKB

(Liu et al., 2025)

Orco

(Lee et al., 2015)

Orcokinin

(Nässel, 2025, Chen et al., 2023, Hung et al., 2020, Koyama et al., 2020, Rao and Deng, 2019.10.23, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Bischof and FlyORF project members, 2014.6.20)

orcokinin

(Chen et al., 2016, Chen et al., 2015)

Name Synonyms

Drm Orcokinin

(Liu et al., 2006)

Orcokinin

(Dvořáček et al., 2022, Kubrak et al., 2022, Nässel, 2018, Veenstra and Ida, 2014)

Orcokinin B

(Hung et al., 2021, Zhou et al., 2020)

orcokinin

(Jékely et al., 2018, Chen et al., 2015)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0062962

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 34 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

37806

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9W1F8

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9W1F8

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0034935

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

37806/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0034935

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0034935

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0034935

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG13565

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

37806

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

63396

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0034935

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0034935

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0034935

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

CG13565_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0034935

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0034935

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG13565

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0034935

References (57)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.67

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