FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Sordl
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Sordl
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Sorbitol dehydrogenase like
Annotation Symbol
CG4836
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0270925
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
4 publicly available
Gene Summary
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
92C1-92C1
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-67
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:20013872..20018248
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (3 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
NOT enables L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
inferred from key residues
(Zaru and Marygold, 2025)
Biological Process (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
NOT involved_in sorbitol catabolic process
inferred from key residues
(Zaru and Marygold, 2025)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytosol
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000190703
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
UNCLASSIFIED PSEUDOENZYMES -
This group comprises pseudoenzymes that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
5
Number of Unique Polypeptides
5

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Sordl for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry B7Z0M7)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.54

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.53

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Sordl-RA
FBtr0083826
NM_169883
3923
836
Sordl-RB
FBtr0083827
NM_169882
3918
1214
Sordl-RC
FBtr0083828
NM_142599
3927
1217
Sordl-RD
FBtr0273258
NM_001144612
3938
843
Sordl-RE
FBtr0273259
NM_001144613
3942
1224
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Sordl-PA
FBpp0083235
91.4
836
10.09
Q8MRL0
NP_732477
AAN13817
Sordl-PB
FBpp0083236
132.1
1214
9.31
Q8IN62
NP_732476
AAN13816
Sordl-PC
FBpp0083237
132.5
1217
9.31
Q9VDQ9
NP_650856
AAF55731
Sordl-PD
FBpp0271766
92.0
843
10.09
B7Z0M8
NP_001138084
ACL83540
Sordl-PE
FBpp0271767
133.1
1224
9.31
B7Z0M7
NP_001138085
ACL83541
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Sordl using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

5.01

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 5 of adulthood | male -- day 7 of adulthood | male
spermatozoon
(Wasbrough et al., 2010, Dorus et al., 2006)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Sordl in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 1 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Sordl
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Sordl
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (9)
Hsap\SORD
4 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\ADH1A
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ADH1B
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ADH1C
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ADH4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ADH5
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ADH6
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ADH7
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ZADH2
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (6)
Rnor\Sord
4 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Adh1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Adh4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Adh6a
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Adh6
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zadh2
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (6)
Mmus\Sord
3 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Adh1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Adh4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Adh6a
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Adh6b
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zadh2
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (8)
Xtro\sord
2 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\adh1a
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\adh1b
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\adh1c
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\adh5
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\adh6
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\arhgdig
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100488099
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (5)
Drer\sord
4 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\adh5l
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\adh8a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\adh8b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\zgc:77938
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (7)
Cele\R04B5.5
4 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\D2063.1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\R04B5.6
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\sodh-1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\sodh-2
3 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\adh-5
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\M106.3
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (5)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003581
4 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003582
4 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003583
4 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003584
4 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010499
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (18)
Atha\AT5G51970
4 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\ADH1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G22430
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G22440
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G32780
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G64710
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G21580
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G22110
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G24760
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G42250
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G63620
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CAD2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CAD3
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CAD6
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CAD9
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\ELI3-1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\ELI3-2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\HOT5
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (18)
Scer\BDH1
3 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\BDH2
3 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\SOR1
3 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\SOR2
3 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\XYL2
3 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\ADH1
2 of 13
No
Yes
Scer\ADH2
2 of 13
No
Yes
Scer\ADH3
2 of 13
No
Yes
Scer\ADH5
2 of 13
No
Yes
Scer\ADH6
2 of 13
No
Yes
Scer\ADH7
2 of 13
No
Yes
Scer\AST1
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\AST2
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\SFA1
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\YCR102C
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\YLR460C
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\YNL134C
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\ZTA1
1 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)
Spom\SPBC1198.01
3 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\tms1
3 of 12
Yes
No
Spom\SPBC1539.07c
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (11)
Ecol\gatD
3 of 11
Yes
No
Ecol\rspB
3 of 11
Yes
No
Ecol\idnD
2 of 11
No
No
Ecol\lgoD
2 of 11
No
No
Ecol\tdh
2 of 11
No
No
Ecol\ybdR
2 of 11
No
Yes
Ecol\ydjJ
2 of 11
No
No
Ecol\ydjL
2 of 11
No
Yes
Ecol\yphC
2 of 11
No
Yes
Ecol\ycjQ
1 of 11
No
Yes
Ecol\yggP
1 of 11
No
No
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Sordl. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (6)
Sord1
5 of 13
Sord2
5 of 13
Fdh
2 of 13
Drat
1 of 13
Mecr
1 of 13
Rtn4ip1
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    SORD; sorbitol dehydrogenase
    4 of 14
    182500
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    RNA-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    Sordl - miso
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, reverse transcription pcr
    (Li et al., 2020)
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-67
    Cytogenetic map
    92C1-92C1
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    92C1-92C1
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)1058510585 and P{EP}SyndEP409
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-67

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-70.1

    (Comeron et al., 2012)

    3-

    (Choudhary et al., 1992)

    3-65.3

    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (4)
    Genomic Clones (21)
    cDNA Clones (137)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: CG4836 anon-WO0140519.105 anon-WO0140519.33

          (FlyBase, 1996-)

          Source for merge of: CG4836 Srd

          (FlyBase, 1992-)
          Additional comments

          Annotation CG31210 (which was eliminated in release 5.36 of the genome annotation) overlaps the same region of the genome as annotation CG4836, but on the opposite strand.

          (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2011)

          Source for merge of CG4836 anon-WO0140519.105 anon-WO0140519.33 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

          (FlyBase, 1996-)

          'Srd' ('Sorbitol dehydrogenase') was a non-sequenced localized gene mapping to 91B-F and associated with a single reference (FBrf0056264). Gene Ontology analysis and ortholog analysis agree there are three Dmel genes encoding Sorbitol dehydrogenases: 'Sodh-1' (84B2), 'Sodh-2' (86C7) and CG4836 (92C1). These data indicate that the 'Srd' gene is identical to the 'CG4836' annotation. (The 'Srd' symbol has not been retained as: (i) the FBrf0056264 paper does not use this symbol, (ii) it doesn't match the symbol prefix of the other two related genes; (iii) it's easily confused with the unrelated 'srd' gene.)

          (FlyBase, 1992-)
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: Sordl CG4836

          (Zaru and Marygold, 2025)
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology

          Named as 'Sorbitol dehydrogenase like' (Sordl) because it is predicted to encode a catalytically inactive SORD enzyme.

          (Zaru and Marygold, 2025)
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (12)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          CG4836
          (Zheng et al., 2023, Sen and Cox, 2022, Pang et al., 2021, Li et al., 2020, Meltzer et al., 2019, Aradska et al., 2015, Civetta and Finn, 2014, Huylmans and Parsch, 2014, Fischer et al., 2012, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2011, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Curtis et al., 2007, Dorus et al., 2006)
          DM_7300579
          (Nordling et al., 2002)
          SODH-1
          (Choudhary et al., 1992)
          Sordl
          (Zaru and Marygold, 2025)
          Srd
          anon-WO0140519.105
          anon-WO0140519.33
          bs15h04.y1
          (Andrews et al., 2000)
          bs36e10.y1
          (Andrews et al., 2000)
          Name Synonyms
          L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase
          (Curtis et al., 2007)
          Sorbitol dehydrogenase
          Sorbitol dehydrogenase like
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0038762
          • FBgn0044598
          • FBgn0044779
          • FBgn0003504
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 64 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          References (39)