FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Fdh

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Fdh

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Formaldehyde dehydrogenase

Annotation Symbol

CG6598

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0011768

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

13 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

alcohol dehydrogenase (1.1.1.1)

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase (1.1.1.284)

octanol dehydrogenase (1.1.1.73)

Gene Summary

Formaldehyde dehydrogenase (Fdh) encodes a medium-chain alcohol dehydrogenase. This enzyme also functions as S-nitrosoglutathione reductase during the nitric oxide metabolism, contributing to visual memory. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

Odh, gfd, GSNOR, glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

86C7-86C7

Sequence location

3R:10,870,906..10,872,381 [-]

Recombination map

3-50

RefSeq locus

NT_033777 REGION:10870906..10872381

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (12 terms)

Molecular Function (8 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

inferred from direct assay

(Danielsson et al., 1994)

enables octanol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

inferred from direct assay

(Danielsson et al., 1994)

enables S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

inferred from direct assay

(Danielsson et al., 1994, Clark, 1983)

enables S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (NADH) activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Hou et al., 2011)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables oxidoreductase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002328

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

inferred from experiment

(Danielsson et al., 1994)

enables S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

inferred from experiment

(Danielsson et al., 1994)

enables S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR014183

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables zinc ion binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002328, InterPro:IPR014183

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000191653

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Biological Process (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in formaldehyde catabolic process

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR014183

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000191653

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in octanol metabolic process

traceable author statement

(Danielsson et al., 1994)

involved_in regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process

inferred by curator from GO:0080007

(Hou et al., 2011)

Cellular Component (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cytosol

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000191653

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

UNCLASSIFIED ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASES (NAD-DEPENDENT)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Class-III subfamily. (P46415)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
RHEA 19981: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

(1) S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NADP(+) = S-formylglutathione + NADPH + H(+) (1.1.1.284)

(2) S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NAD(+) = S-formylglutathione + NADH + H(+) (1.1.1.284)

octanol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

octan-1-ol + NAD(+) = octanal + NADH + H(+) (1.1.1.73)

RHEA 24620: S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (NADH) activity
RHEA 78371: alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

(1) a primary alcohol + NAD(+) = an aldehyde + NADH + H(+) (1.1.1.1)

(2) a secondary alcohol + NAD(+) = a ketone + NADH + H(+) (1.1.1.1)

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
RHEA 19985:

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

UNCLASSIFIED ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASES (NAD-DEPENDENT) -: This group comprises NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Class-III ADH is remarkably ineffective in oxidizing ethanol, but it readily catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain primary alcohols and the oxidation of S-(hydroxymethyl) glutathione.

(UniProt, P46415)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

Odh: Octanol dehydrogenase

The structural gene for octanol dehydrogenase [ODH (EC. 1.1.1.73)], a multimer of 109,000 molecular weight (Sieber, Fox, and Ursprung, 1972, FEBS Lett: 26, 274-76); evidence for tetrameric structure in other Drosophila species (Pipkin, 1969, Genetics 63: 405-18); immunologically unrelated to ADH (Courtright, 1968, DIS 43: 144). Preferred substrates are long-chain primary alcohols, with lesser activity on short-chain and branched-chain primary alcohols; inactive on secondary alcohols (Bremner, Douglas, and Ogonji, 1971, DIS 47: 93-94). Enzyme activity higher in adults than in larvae or pupae (Debec, 1974, Wilhelm Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 174: 1-9); mobility also increases from larvae to pupae to adults (Hewitt, 1974, Genetics 77: s30-31). Odh+ not a vital gene; homozygotes for null allele, OdhnNC1, viable and fertile (Voelker, Langley, Leigh-Brown, Ohnishi, Dickson, Montgomery, and Smith, 1980, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 77: 1091-95).

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Fdh for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry P46415)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Fdh-RA

FBtr0082290

NM_079586

1337

379

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

1.36 (northern blot)

(Danielsson et al., 1994)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Fdh-PA

FBpp0081767

40.4

379

6.70

P46415

NP_524310

AAF54571

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

379 (aa); 80 (kD observed)

(Danielsson et al., 1994)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

P46415

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Fdh using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Fdh_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.76

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

anterior midgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

posterior midgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic/larval fat body

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval midgut

(Fisher et al., 2012)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval stage -- adult stage

(Danielsson et al., 1994)

Additional Descriptive Data

Fdh transcripts were observed in all stages tested and appear to be abundant throughout the life span of the organism.

(Danielsson et al., 1994)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Fdh in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Fdh

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Fdh

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0011768

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

41311/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0011768

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0011768

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0011768

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG6598

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0011768

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\Fdh

Stages(s) 1-3
Stages(s) 4-6
Stages(s) 9-10
Stages(s) 11-12
Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 11 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Fdh

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Fdh

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 15 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 15 )

Gene partially disrupted in

Df(3R)SelR^Delta3

(Hung et al., 2013)

Df(3R)Tsp86DΔ3

(Dornier et al., 2012)

Gene disrupted in

Df(3R)cu

(Ohnishi and Voelker, 1982)

Df(3R)Exel6159

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(3R)Exel7306

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(3R)M86D

(Clark, 1983)

Gene duplicated in

Ts(YLt;3Lt)A78+Ts(YSt;3Rt)A109

(Clark, 1983)

Ts(YSt;3Lt)J141+Ts(YSt;3Rt)A109

(Clark, 1983)

Ts(YSt;3Lt)J141+Ts(YSt;3Rt)R36

(Clark, 1983)

Gene not disrupted in

Ts(YLt;3Lt)G42+Ts(YSt;3Rt)R36

(Clark, 1983)

Ts(YSt;3Lt)G8+Ts(YSt;3Rt)R36

(Clark, 1983)

Gene not duplicated in

Ts(YLt;3Lt)G42+Ts(YSt;3Rt)A109

(Clark, 1983)

Ts(YLt;3Lt)R36+Ts(YSt;3Rt)A109

(Clark, 1983)

Ts(YLt;3Rt)G8+Ts(YLt;3Lt)R36

(Clark, 1983)

Ts(YSt;3Rt)G42+Ts(YLt;3Lt)R36

(Clark, 1983)

Inferred from location ( 8 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

viable

Fdh^nNC1

Sterility

Allele

female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

Fdh^HMS01268

fertile

Fdh^nNC1

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal memory, with Scer\GAL4^c205

Fdh^UAS.cHa

abnormal memory, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PU

Fdh^UAS.cHa

abnormal memory | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^c205, Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B

Fdh^UAS.cHa

abnormal memory | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PU, Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B

Fdh^UAS.cHa

abnormal neurophysiology | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

Fdh^RNAi.UAS

electrophoretic variant

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

Fdh^RNAi.UAS

ventral longitudinal muscle cell | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

Fdh^RNAi.UAS

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (10)

Hsap\ADH5

13 of 14

Yes

Hsap\ADH4

7 of 14

Yes

Hsap\ADH1A

6 of 14

Yes

Hsap\ADH1B

6 of 14

Yes

Hsap\ADH1C

6 of 14

Yes

Hsap\ADH7

6 of 14

Yes

Hsap\ADH6

5 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CRYZ

1 of 14

Hsap\MECR

1 of 14

Hsap\SORD

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (8)

Rnor\Adh5

13 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Adh4

7 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Adh7

7 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Adh1

6 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Adh6

6 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Adh6a

4 of 14

Yes

Rnor\LOC310902

1 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Sord

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (7)

Mmus\Adh5

13 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Adh1

7 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Adh7

7 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Adh4

5 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Adh6a

5 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Adh6b

3 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Sord

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (17)

Xtro\adh5

11 of 13

Yes

Xtro\adh1a

5 of 13

Yes

Xtro\LOC100488099

5 of 13

Yes

Xtro\adh1c

4 of 13

Yes

Xtro\adh6

4 of 13

Yes

Xtro\adh1b

3 of 13

Yes

Xtro\adh1

3 of 13

Yes

Xtro\adh4

3 of 13

Yes

Xtro\adh7

2 of 13

Yes

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\LOC100487777

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\tp53i3

1 of 13

Xtro\vat1

1 of 13

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (6)

Drer\adh5

14 of 14

Yes

Drer\zgc:77938

9 of 14

Yes

Drer\adh5l

8 of 14

Yes

Drer\adh8a

5 of 14

Yes

Drer\adh8b

5 of 14

Yes

Drer\sord

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (8)

Cele\adh-5

13 of 14

Yes

Cele\Y50D4C.2

2 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (5)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP010499

11 of 12

Yes

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (21)

Atha\HOT5

13 of 13

Yes

Atha\ADH1

7 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT5G24760

6 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G22440

5 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G32780

5 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G64710

5 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT4G22110

5 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT5G42250

5 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G22430

4 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT5G63620

3 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CAD2

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CAD3

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CAD5

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CAD6

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CAD9

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\ELI3-1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\ELI3-2

1 of 13

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (18)

Scer\SFA1

12 of 13

Yes

Scer\ADH6

2 of 13

Yes

Scer\ADH7

2 of 13

Yes

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (4)

Spom\SPCC13B11.04c

12 of 12

Yes

Spom\SPBC1539.07c

9 of 12

Yes

Spom\SPBC1198.01

1 of 12

Spom\tms1

1 of 12

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (11)

Ecol\frmA

11 of 11

Yes

Ecol\yphC

2 of 11

Yes

Ecol\adhP

1 of 11

Yes

1 of 11

1 of 11

1 of 11

1 of 11

1 of 11

1 of 11

1 of 11

1 of 11

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Fdh. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (6)

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 4 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

ADH5; alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide

model of AMED syndrome

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

ADH1C; alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide

model of late onset Parkinson's disease

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of alcohol dependence

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

ADH1B; alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide

model of alcohol dependence

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

ADH5; alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide

13 of 14

103710

AMED SYNDROME, DIGENIC; AMEDS

AMED syndrome

ADH4; alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide

7 of 14

103740

ADH1A; alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide

6 of 14

103700

ADH1B; alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide

6 of 14

103720

ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE

alcohol dependence

ADH1C; alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide

6 of 14

103730

ADH7; alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide

6 of 14

600086

ADH6; alcohol dehydrogenase 6 (class V)

5 of 14

103735

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Fdh - Dus4

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Fdh - p53

pull down, autoradiography

(Lunardi et al., 2010)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Fdh

suppressible

for

(Hou et al., 2011)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

66455

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0011768

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

41311

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

Ethanol oxidation

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-50

Cytogenetic map

86C7-86C7

Sequence location

3R:10,870,906..10,872,381 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

86C7-86C7

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP3340^EP3340 and P{PZ}tho¹&P{PZ}l(3)04629⁰⁵²⁷⁵

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

86D-86D

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Luque et al., 1994)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-50

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-47.1

(Comeron et al., 2012)

(Choudhary et al., 1992)

3-49.2

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

α-Est5

(Mukai and Voelker, 1977)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (13)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

4038

Fdh^nNC1/TM6

95470

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{RB}Fdh^e03397

81662

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TOE.GS01610}attP40

34937

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01268}attP2

83733

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TKO.GS03364}attP40/CyO

Kyoto

101983

Gpdh1^B Mdh1^S Adh^F ; Fdh^F Aldox89A^S

101984

Gpdh1^B Mdh1^S Adh^S ; Fdh^S Aldox89A^S

103319

Fdh^nNC1 / TM6, Hn^P ss^aP88 Ubx^bx-34e Ubx^P15 e¹

107556

Est-6^S α-Est5^F Fdh^S Lap-D^F Acph-1^A Tpi⁶/TM6, Est-6^F α-Est5^S Fdh^F Lap-D^S Acph-1^B Tpi⁴

6598R-1

v110071

v318748

PBac{fTRG01089.sfGFP-TVPTBF}VK00002

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (22)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (58)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

DPiM_GM08044

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0011768

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0011768

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

The effect of various concentrations of ethanol and long-term ethanol exposure on flies carrying unique allele combinations at the Fdh and Aldox-1 loci is studied.

(Bokor and Pecsenye, 1997)

The effect of environmental ethanol on larval to pupal survival and on the activities of Fdh, Aldox-1, Adh and Gpdh is investigated.

(Pecsenye et al., 1997)

Activity change of the enzyme due to the influence of ethanol, starvation and ethanol stress is assayed.

(Pecsenye et al., 1996)

The genomic organisation of the Fdh locus has been characterised.

(Luque et al., 1994)

Pattern of allele frequency has been studied for seven loci, Aph-1, Est-6, Adh, Fdh, Aldox-1, Gpdh and Mdh1, in wild Indian populations of D.melanogaster : the allelic frequency patterns do not agree with those from temperate region populations.

(Parkash et al., 1993)

No difference in allele fixed in lines selected over 700 generations for high (negative) and low (positive) geotaxis.

(Stoltenberg et al., 1992)

Segmental aneuploids for gene dosage that are heterozygous for Fdh variants are produced and analysed for the purpose of gene localization.

(Clark, 1983)

Allelic frequencies have been determined between European and African populations. African populations show a greater genetic diversity, as measured by the number of alleles found. Within each geographic group there is a homogeneity of allele frequencies.

(David, 1982)

No linkage disequilibrium has been detected between Gpdh, Mdh1, Adh, Hex-C, Est-C or Fdh.

(Mukai and Voelker, 1977)

The structural gene for glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH), previously characterised as octanol dehydrogenase, a multimer of 109,000 molecular weight (Sieber, Fox and Ursprung, 1972); evidence for tetrameric structure in other Drosophila species (Pipkin, 1969); immunologically unrelated to ADH (Courtright, 1968). Preferred substrates are long-chain primary alcohols, with lesser activity on short-chain and branched-chain primary alcohols; inactive on secondary alcohols (Bremner et al., 1971). Enzyme activity higher in adults than in larvae or pupae (Debec, 1974); mobility also increases from larvae to pupae to adults (Hewitt, 1974). Fdh⁺ not a vital gene; homozygotes for null allele, Fdh^nNC1, viable and fertile (Voelker et al., 1980).

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (17)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

ADHX

(Mushegian et al., 1998)

ADHX_DROME

(Storm and Sonnhammer, 2003)

CG6598

(Cheng et al., 2023, Jaspers et al., 2012, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Lunardi et al., 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Fulton et al., 2001)

Fdh

(Haas et al., 2025, Huang et al., 2024, Liu et al., 2022, Zhu et al., 2022, Garlapow et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Elgart et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Bischof and FlyORF project members, 2014.6.20, Eliazer et al., 2014, Luck et al., 2014, Beckett et al., 2013, Gurudatta et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Friedman et al., 2011, Halme et al., 2010, Dijkers and O'Farrell, 2009, Yamamoto et al., 2009.2.25, Rehwinkel et al., 2006)

GSNOR

(Jeong, 2024, Dijkers and O'Farrell, 2009)

ODH

(Bondinas et al., 2002, Bondinas et al., 2001, Choudhary et al., 1992)

fdh

(Amartuvshin et al., 2025, O'Farrell et al., 2023, Hou et al., 2011)

gfd

(Luque et al., 1994)

gfd/odh

(Luque et al., 1998)

odh

(Luque et al., 1994)

Name Synonyms

ADH

(FlyBase, 2017-)

Formaldehyde dehydrogenase

(Jaspers et al., 2012, Halme et al., 2010, Dijkers and O'Farrell, 2009)

Octanol dehydrogenase

formaldehyde dehydrogenase

(Hou et al., 2011)

glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase

(Gonzalez-Duarte, 1994.3.17)

octanol dehydrogenase

(Kovac and Marinkovic, 1999)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0002986

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 74 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

41311

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

P46415

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P46415

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

P46415

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0011768

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

41311/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0011768

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0011768

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0011768

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG6598

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

41311

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

66455

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0011768

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0011768

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0011768

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Fdh_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0011768

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0011768

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG6598

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0011768

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0011768

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC004574

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

41311

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

Ethanol oxidation

References (128)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

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