FB2026_03 , released September 17, 2026
Human Disease Model Report: diabetes mellitus type 2, susceptibility to (postulated), AFF2-related
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General Information
Name
diabetes mellitus type 2, susceptibility to (postulated), AFF2-related
FlyBase ID
FBhh0001444
Disease Ontology Term
Parent Disease
OMIM
Overview

This report describes diabetes mellitus type 2, susceptibility to (postulated), AFF2-related. Using knockdown of orthologous genes in Drosophila, an assessment of genes within the rat Niddm20 region was carried out; this region is associated with hyperglycemia in rat. The fly gene lilli, the ortholog of human AFF2, was characterized further. Dmel\lilli has a role in transcriptional regulation and may be a component of the transcription elongation factor complex. Dmel\lilli is also orthologous to the paralogous human genes AFF1, AFF3, and AFF4.

The human AFF2 gene has not been introduced into flies.

Knockdown of lilli, mediated by RNAi, in adults results in significantly higher hemolymph trehalose and glucose levels. Insulin-like peptide Ilp2, which plays a major role in sugar metabolism, is downregulated. Tissue-specific knockdown of lilli in oenocytes or the fat body (homologous organs to the liver) is sufficient to produce these phenotypes.

[updated Mar. 2022 by FlyBase; FBrf0222196]

Disease Summary Information
Parent Disease Summary: diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent (type 2) (fly models overview)
Symptoms and phenotype

Diabetes mellitus, type 2, also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, occurs when cells become resistant to the effects of insulin, thus disrupting the body's ability to metabolize glucose and to properly control the amount of sugar in the blood. [from Genetics Home Reference, Diabetes; 2016.02.02]

(FlyBase Curators, 2013-)

Over time, high blood glucose can lead to serious problems such as cataracts and/or retinopathy, impaired kidney function, diabetic neuropathy, and macrovascular complications (heart attack, stroke, peripheral vascular disease). [from endocrineweb; http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/type-2-diabetes/type-2-diabetes-complications]

(FlyBase Curators, 2013-)
Specific Disease Summary: diabetes mellitus type 2, susceptibility to (postulated), AFF2-related
OMIM report
Human gene(s) implicated
Symptoms and phenotype
Genetics
Cellular phenotype and pathology
Molecular information

AFF2 encodes a putative transcriptional activator that is a member of the AF4\FMR2 gene family. [Gene Cards, AFF2; 2202.03.27]

(FlyBase Curators, 2013-)
External links
Disease synonyms
Ortholog Information
Human gene(s) in FlyBase
    Human gene (HGNC)
    Symbol / Name
    AFF2; ALF transcription elongation factor 2
    D. melanogaster ortholog (based on DIOPT)
    Dmel\lilli
    (DIOPT, 2013-)
    Comments on ortholog(s)

    Many to one: 4 human genes to 1 Drosophila gene.

    Other mammalian ortholog(s) used
      D. melanogaster Gene Information (1)
      Dmel\lilli
      Gene Snapshot
      Contributions welcome
      Molecular function (GO)
      Cellular component (GO)
      Gene Groups / Pathways
      Comments on ortholog(s)

      Moderate-scoring ortholog of human AFF2, AFF4, AFF3, and AFF1 (1 Drosophila to 4 human).

      Orthologs and Alignments from DRSC
      DIOPT - DRSC Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool - Click the link below to search for orthologs in Humans
      H. sapiens (Human)
      Other Genes Used: Viral, Bacterial, Synthetic (0)
        Summary of Physical Interactions (4 groups)
        lilli
        protein-protein
        Interacting group
        Assay
        References
        lilli - N
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
        (Liu et al., 2017)
        lilli - Su(H)
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining
        (Liu et al., 2017)
        lilli - Su(Tpl)
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
        (Smith et al., 2011)
        lilli - Tbp
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
        (Shen et al., 2025)
        Alleles Reported to Model Human Disease (Disease Ontology) (6 alleles)
        Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
        Genetic Tools, Stocks and Reagents
        Sources of Stocks
        Contact lab of origin for a reagent not available from a public stock center.
        Bloomington Stock Center Disease Page
        Related mammalian, viral, bacterial, or synthetic transgenes
        Allele
        Transgene
        Publicly Available Stocks
        Selected Drosophila transgenes
        Allele
        Transgene
        Publicly Available Stocks
        lilliUAS.Tag:HA
        P{UAS-lilli.HA}
        RNAi constructs available
        Allele
        Transgene
        Publicly Available Stocks
        lilliGD4466
        P{GD4466}
        w1118; P{GD4466}v13081
        lilliJF02087
        P{TRiP.JF02087}
        y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF02087}attP2
        lilliKK102916
        P{KK102916}
        P{KK102916}VIE-260B
        lilliHMS01066
        P{TRiP.HMS01066}
        y1 sc* v1 sev21; P{TRiP.HMS01066}attP2
        lilliNIG.8817R
        P{NIG.8817R}
        P{NIG.8817R}1
        Selected Drosophila classical alleles
        Allele
        Allele class
        Mutagen
        Publicly Available Stocks
        lillik05431
        P-element activity
        yd2 w1118 P{ey-FLP.N}2 P{5xglBS-lacZ.38-1}TPN1; P{lacW}lillik05431 P{neoFRT}40A/CyO y+
        lilli4U5
        ethyl methanesulfonate
        lilliA17-2
        ethyl methanesulfonate
        lilliA17-2 cn1 bw1/CyO
        References (3)