FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\fog[4]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\fog⁴

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0004133

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\fog

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Also Known As

fog^4a6

Key Links

Allele class

loss of function allele

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Sweeton et al., 1991)

loss of function allele

(Morize et al., 1998, Costa et al., 1994)

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Description

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

abnormal cell migration | embryonic stage | recessive

(Fuse et al., 2013)

abnormal neuroanatomy

(Ratnaparkhi and Zinn, 2007)

abnormal neuroanatomy, with fog^hkb.PB

(Ratnaparkhi and Zinn, 2007)

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive

(Costa et al., 1994, Drysdale et al., 1993, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

some die during embryonic stage | recessive

(Costa et al., 1994, Drysdale et al., 1993, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

Phenotype Manifest In

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

fog⁴/Y embryos have less abundant subcellular smog vesicles in the mesoderm.

(Kerridge et al., 2016)

Only a few mesodermal cells in homozygous fog⁴ mutant embryos show apical constriction at the ventral furrow. In fog⁴/+ embryos invagination is mostly normal.

(Fuse et al., 2013)

fog⁴, fog^hkb.PB exhibit motor axon defects in late stage 16 embryos, with particular problems in SNa bifurcation.

fog⁴ mutant embryos exhibit defects in the embryonic central nervous system. These are reduced by the presence of fog^hkb.PB. These embryos have near normal morphology at later stages of development. In particular, the ventrally located CNS develops normally in these embryos.

(Ratnaparkhi and Zinn, 2007)

The salivary gland cells fail to internalised in mutant embryos.

(Nikolaidou, 2004)

Mutant embryos show defects in the apical constriction of cells seen during mesoderm invagination. They lack the normal two constriction phases seen in wild-type embryos and instead show weak, asynchronous cell shape changes.

(Oda and Tsukita, 2001)

Embryos injected with cholera toxin exhibit apical flattening. Heat induced ectopic expression of fog^hs.PM causes a widened ventral furrow.

(Morize et al., 1998)

Mutant embryos lack posterior midgut, Malpighian tubules and hindgut. None of the posterior gut primordia invaginate.

(Wu and Lengyel, 1998)

Ventral furrow and posterior midgut invaginations fail to form normally. The posterior midgut primordium fails to invaginate. While the first phase of constrictions near the ventral midline proceeds fairly normally, cells in more lateral regions show variable defects. Constrictions fail or are delayed, and although ventral furrow formation is on average delayed by about 4 minutes, almost all of the mesodermal precursors are eventually internalized.

(Costa et al., 1994)

Defective in gonad assembly.

(Warrior, 1994)

Muscle pattern wild type within constraints imposed by alterations in body plan. Muscles contractile and vigorous.

(Drysdale et al., 1993)

Embryos fail to form a posterior midgut.

(Leptin et al., 1992)

Cellular blastoderm and gastrulation initiation are normal. Normal expression of twi suggesting no abnormalities in dorsal-ventral patterning. Rapid phase of constriction is absent: many cells in midventral domain never constrict and twi expressing cells are brought into the invagination whether or not they constrict. No invagination of the posterior midgut.

(Sweeton et al., 1991)

fog⁴ mutant embryos are normal at the cellular blastoderm stage, and gastrulation starts normally. The posterior midgut does not form, and the germband does not elongate but forms a series of transverse ventral folds. Homozygous germline clones give viable embryos.

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

fog⁴ is a suppressor of abnormal cell migration | embryonic stage phenotype of Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

(Fuse et al., 2013)

fog⁴/fog[+] is a suppressor of abnormal cell migration | embryonic stage phenotype of Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

(Fuse et al., 2013)

Other

Statement

Reference

RhoGEF2^6.5/RhoGEF2[+], fog⁴ has visible | dominant phenotype

(Nikolaidou and Barrett, 2004)

RhoGEF2^6.5, fog⁴/fog[+] has visible phenotype

(Nikolaidou and Barrett, 2004)

RhoGEF2^4.1, fog⁴/fog[+] has visible phenotype

(Nikolaidou, 2004, Nikolaidou and Barrett, 2004)

RhoGEF2^4.1/RhoGEF2[+], fog⁴ has visible | dominant phenotype

(Nikolaidou, 2004, Nikolaidou and Barrett, 2004)

Phenotype Manifest In

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

fog⁴ has ventral furrow phenotype, non-suppressible by Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

(Fuse et al., 2013)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

fog⁴ is a suppressor of embryo | embryonic stage 6 phenotype of Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

(Fuse et al., 2013)

fog⁴ is a suppressor of ventral furrow phenotype of Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

(Fuse et al., 2013)

fog⁴/fog[+] is a suppressor of embryo | embryonic stage 6 phenotype of Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

(Fuse et al., 2013)

fog⁴/fog[+] is a suppressor of ventral furrow phenotype of Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

(Fuse et al., 2013)

Other

Statement

Reference

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶, fog⁴ has ventral furrow phenotype

(Fuse et al., 2013)

RhoGEF2^6.5/RhoGEF2[+], fog⁴ has wing phenotype

(Nikolaidou and Barrett, 2004)

RhoGEF2^6.5, fog⁴ has wing phenotype

(Nikolaidou and Barrett, 2004)

RhoGEF2^4.1, fog⁴ has wing phenotype

(Nikolaidou, 2004, Nikolaidou and Barrett, 2004)

RhoGEF2^4.1/RhoGEF2[+], fog⁴ has wing phenotype

(Nikolaidou, 2004, Nikolaidou and Barrett, 2004)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Homozygous fog⁴ suppresses the gastrulation phenotype seen in Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶ mutant embryos. As in fog⁴ mutant embryos alone, only a few apically constricting cells are seen at random positions. When only one copy of Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶ is present apical constriction is substantially disorganised and asynchronous among mesodermal cells.

(Fuse et al., 2013)

6% of fog⁴/+ ; RhoGEF2^4.1/+ animals have wing defects. 16% of fog⁴/+ ; RhoGEF2^6.5/+ animals have wing defects.

(Nikolaidou and Barrett, 2004)

fog⁴/+ ; RhoGEF2^4.1/+ animals have wing defects.

(Nikolaidou, 2004)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Rescued by

fog⁴ is rescued by fog^hkb.PB

(Ratnaparkhi and Zinn, 2007)

fog⁴ is rescued by fog^hs.PM

(Morize et al., 1998)

fog⁴ is rescued by fog^+tAE

(Costa et al., 1994)

fog⁴ is rescued by fog^+t12.8

(Costa et al., 1994)

Comments

Ubiquitous fog^hs.PM expression during the late blastoderm and early gastrula stages rescues the final cuticle phenotype of embryos. Heat shocking during stages 6 and 7 provided the greatest degree of rescue.

(Morize et al., 1998)

Phenotype and lethality rescued by both fog^+tAE and fog^+t12.8.

(Costa et al., 1994)

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (0)

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (5)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

4A6

(Zusman et al., 1985)

fog⁴

fog^4a6

(Bailles et al., 2019, Kerridge et al., 2016, Fuse et al., 2013, Kanesaki et al., 2013, Ratnaparkhi and Zinn, 2007, Seher et al., 2007, Nikolaidou, 2004, Nikolaidou and Barrett, 2004, Oda and Tsukita, 2001, Lammel and Saumweber, 2000, Morize et al., 1998, Oda et al., 1998, Wu and Lengyel, 1998, Costa et al., 1994, Leptin et al., 1992, Sweeton et al., 1991, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

fog^4a

(Warrior, 1994)

Name Synonyms

folded gastrulation 4A6

(Fuse et al., 2003)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (23)

Report Sections

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