FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\mud[3]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\mud³

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0012573

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\mud

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Key Links

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Allele class

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

(Prokop and Technau, 1994)

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Description

Mutation is in the middle of the coiled-coil region.

(Yu et al., 2006)

Nucleotide substitution: C?T.

(Yu et al., 2006)

Amino acid replacement: Q?term.

(Yu et al., 2006)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

point_mutation

X:14,252,171..14,252,171 [+]

Nucleotide change:

C14252171T

Reported nucleotide change:

C?T

Amino acid change:

Reported amino acid change:

Q?term

(Yu et al., 2006)

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage

(Cate et al., 2016)

female sterile

(de Belle and Heisenberg, 1996)

female sterile (with Df(1)BSC705)

(Finegan et al., 2025)

lethal | female

(Guan et al., 2000)

male fertile

(Yu et al., 2006)

partially lethal - majority die

(de Belle and Heisenberg, 1996)

Phenotype Manifest In

ganglion mother cell | somatic clone (with mud⁴)

(Cabernard and Doe, 2009)

larval ventral nerve cord | embryonic stage

(Cate et al., 2016)

larval ventral nerve cord commissure | embryonic stage

(Cate et al., 2016)

neuroblast | increased number (with mud⁴)

(Cabernard and Doe, 2009)

neuroblast | somatic clone | increased number (with mud⁴)

(Cabernard and Doe, 2009)

SP1 neuron | embryonic stage

(Cate et al., 2016)

spindle (with mud⁴)

(Cabernard and Doe, 2009)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

mud³ mutant embryos exhibit mild defects in the ventral nerve cord, including occasionally thin commissures and occasional failure of SP1 neurons to cross the midline.

(Cate et al., 2016)

mud⁴/mud³ mutants have an increased number of brain neuroblasts, and 12-13% of the metaphase neuroblasts show aberrant spindle orientation orthogonal to the apical/basal cortical polarity axis. This subset of neuroblasts showing aberrant spindle orientation always generate equal-sized siblings that both assume neuroblast identity.

Single mud⁴/mud³ neuroblast clones often give rise to two or more neuroblast sibling cells, but never two basal ganglion mother cells.

(Cabernard and Doe, 2009)

Hemizygous males are fully fertile and produce normal numbers of motile sperm.

(Yu et al., 2006)

Flies have a number of brain defects, the exact phenotype depending on the genetic background. In the original genetic background in which it was induced, mud³ flies have a similar phenotype to mud¹ flies, although the defects are more severe. When placed in a Canton S background, the defects are more severe than in the original genetic background.

(de Belle and Heisenberg, 1996)

Semi-lethal.

(Prokop and Technau, 1994)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

NOT Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

mud³ has abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by fz¹

(Cate et al., 2016)

mud³ has abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by robo2^unspecified

(Cate et al., 2016)

mud³ has abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by Dscam1^unspecified

(Cate et al., 2016)

mud³ has abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by pins^P62

(Cate et al., 2016)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

mud³ is an enhancer of abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage phenotype of fra⁹⁵⁷

(Cate et al., 2016)

Phenotype Manifest In

NOT Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

mud³ has larval ventral nerve cord | embryonic stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by fz¹

(Cate et al., 2016)

mud³ has larval ventral nerve cord | embryonic stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by pins^P62

(Cate et al., 2016)

mud³ has larval ventral nerve cord commissure | embryonic stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by pins^P62

(Cate et al., 2016)

mud³ has larval ventral nerve cord commissure | embryonic stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by fz¹

(Cate et al., 2016)

mud³ has larval ventral nerve cord | embryonic stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by robo2^unspecified

(Cate et al., 2016)

mud³ has larval ventral nerve cord commissure | embryonic stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by robo2^unspecified

(Cate et al., 2016)

mud³ has larval ventral nerve cord | embryonic stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by Dscam1^unspecified

(Cate et al., 2016)

mud³ has larval ventral nerve cord commissure | embryonic stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by Dscam1^unspecified

(Cate et al., 2016)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

mud³/mud⁴ has neuroblast | increased number phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^wor.PA/pros^UAS.cMa

(Cabernard and Doe, 2009)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

mud³ is an enhancer of larval ventral nerve cord | embryonic stage phenotype of fra⁹⁵⁷

(Cate et al., 2016)

mud³ is an enhancer of larval ventral nerve cord commissure | embryonic stage phenotype of fra⁹⁵⁷

(Cate et al., 2016)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

fz¹, mud³ mutant embryos do not display any more severe ventral nerve cord phenotypes, as compared to each single mutant.

robo2^unspecified, Dscam1^unspecified or pins^P62 mutations do not enhance the midline crossing defects of mud³ mutant embryos.

mud³ or Ts(1Lt;YSt)B24+Ts(1Rt;YSt)B54 enhances the defective ventral nerve cord phenotype of fra⁹⁵⁷ mutants, resulting in failure to complete the majority of commissures.

(Cate et al., 2016)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Rescued by

mud³/Df(1)BSC705 is rescued by mud^ΔPINS.GFP

(Finegan et al., 2025)

mud³/Df(1)BSC705 is rescued by mud^GFP

(Finegan et al., 2025)

Comments

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (0)

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Heisenberg.

M. Heisenburg.

(Prokop and Technau, 1994)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (2)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

mud3

(Walcourt and Nash, 2000)

mud³

(Finegan et al., 2025, Neville et al., 2023, Bergstralh et al., 2016, Cate et al., 2016, Cabernard and Doe, 2009, Yu et al., 2006)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (10)

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