Nucleotide substitution: G556T. Amino acid replacement: V?F. Mutation is in the motor domain. Nucleotide substitution: A696G. Amino acid replacement: N?S.
G29804843T
V556F | ncd-PA; V556F | ncd-PB
V556F
The V556F mutation is in the motor domain and is thought to be the basis of the mutant phenotype. An additional change (N696S) was observed in the ncdD strain.
meiosis & nuclear chromosome & oocyte
meiosis & nuclear chromosome | female (with ncd1)
Homozygous females show X chromosome nondisjunction at a frequency of 0.108. Homozygous embryos lack normal polar bodies and have abnormal spindles.
Homozygous oocytes show abnormal chromosome behaviour in meiosis. Segregation of chromosomes in multiple directions is seen in anaphase I. Mitotic cleavage spindles in early embryos are normal. Abnormal spindles are seen in the region where the polar bodies are normally found.
ncdD causes meiotic non-disjunction but not loss of the X chromosome, and meiotic non-disjunction and loss of the 4th chromosome.
slight dominant effect
ncdD has abnormal meiotic cell cycle phenotype, enhanceable by sub[+]/sub1794
ncdD has abnormal meiotic cell cycle phenotype, enhanceable by γTub37C11
ncdD has abnormal meiotic cell cycle phenotype, enhanceable by γTub37C13
ncdD has some die during embryonic stage phenotype, enhanceable by γTub37C13
ncdD/ncd1 has abnormal meiotic cell cycle | female phenotype, suppressible by lwr05486/lwr[+]
ncdD/ncd[+] is an enhancer of abnormal meiotic cell cycle phenotype of sub1794
Df(2L)VA23, ncdD has some die during embryonic stage phenotype
αTub67C2, ncdD has abnormal meiotic cell cycle | oogenesis phenotype
αTub67C3, ncdD has abnormal meiotic cell cycle | oogenesis phenotype
sub1794 show allele specific interactions with alleles of ncd. sub1794/+, ncdD/+ transheterozygotes show a high frequency of non-disjunction, whereas either mutation alone is completely recessive. sub1794/+, ncd1/+ transheterozygotes do not show this effect. Stage 14 oocytes of sub1794/+, ncdD/+ show a defect in spindle pole formation - most often spindles are either monopolar or tripolar, karyosome may be split, spindles broken or misshapen such that they fray, or do not taper at the poles.
The increased meiotic nondisjunction seen in homozygous females is strongly dominantly enhanced by γTub37C13 or γTub37C11, while γTub37C12 causes only a small increase in nondisjunction. The viability of eggs laid by ncdD females is also dominantly reduced by γTub37C13. γTub37C11/+ ; ncdD/+ females show an enhanced frequency of nondisjunctional offspring compared to ncdD/+ females. ncdD females heterozygous for Df(2L)VA23 show reduced embryo viability but no significant difference in meiotic or mitotic chromosome distribution compared to ncdD females.
The ncdD phenotype is dominantly enhanced by αTub67C1 and αTub67C3; ncdD/ncdD αTub67C1 flies have a X chromosome nondisjunction frequency of 0.194 and ncdD/ncdD αTub67C3 flies have a X chromosome nondisjunction frequency of 0.149. Zygotic loss of the X chromosome in ncdD/ncdD females is also dominantly enhanced by αTub67C1 and αTub67C3.This enhancement by αTub67C1 and αTub67C3 is not seen in ncdD heterozygotes. αTub67C2 does not significantly alter the frequencies of nondisjunction and zygotic loss of the X chromosome in ncdD/ncdD flies. ncdD/ncdD enhances the production of exceptional androgenetic females by αTub67C1 and αTub67C3 heterozygotes but not by αTub67C2 heterozygotes. Meiotic nondisjunction is significantly decreased in ncdD αTub67C2 double heterozygous females compared to αTub67C2 single heterozygous females. Homozygous and heterozygous females show a significant increase in meiotic and zygotic chromosome loss if also heterozygous for Df(3L)AC1. Homozygotes also heterozygous for Df(3L)AC1 show a decrease in nondisjunction. Homozygous females show no significant difference in meiotic nondisjunction and zygotic chromosome loss if also heterozygous for Df(3R)Scx2. αTub67C3/+ ncdD/ncdD embryos have both a male and female pronucleus, but have defects in pronuclear conjugation or fusion and show delayed meiotic progression.
Embryos derived from D.melanogaster αTub67C3 ncdD/ncdD females mated to D.simulans males show a hatch rate of 24.9%. Of the hatched embryos, 24.9% develop to adulthood. Of the adult hybrid progeny, 0.4% are androgenetic females and 6.1% are X0 males or gynandromorphs.
Steiner.