antennal sense organ & chordotonal organ
centrosome & larval brain
embryonic head & embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect
primary spermatocyte & centriole
primary spermatocyte & spindle
Although the olfactory neurons lack cilia and the basal bodies are displaced from the dendrite tip, ciliary rootlets appear to form on the detached basal bodies in hemizygous mutant adults.
cp309s2172/Df(3L)Brd15 central brain neuroblasts show a general disorganization of pericentriolar material throughout mitosis, and centrosomes are much more disorganized than controls.
cp309s2172/Df(3L)Brd15 flies often fail to eclose and those that do are incapacitated/uncoordinated.
cp309s2172/Df(3L)Brd15 sperm show a giant centriole fragmentation phenotype and produce immotile sperm.
cp309s2172/Df(3L)Brd15 neuroblasts often fail to separate their centrosomes by the same time point. On average, cp309s2172/Df(3L)Brd15 centrosomes exhibit a 108[o] separation, significantly lower than the 159[o] separation in wild-type cells. Furthermore an angle of less than 90[o] at nuclear envelope breakdown (NEB) is observed in 35% of cp309s2172/Df(3L)Brd15 neuroblasts, which strongly correlates with the frequency at which neuroblasts with two active centrosomes are found. All cp309s2172/Df(3L)Brd15 mutants corrected this centrosome separation defect immediately after NEB.
cp309s2172/Df(3L)Brd15 neuroblasts exhibit no difference in either the frequency or duration of mitosis. Indeed, there is no difference in the number of neuroblasts or brain size in mutants compared to controls.
Supernumerary centrosomes are markedly increased to 16% in cp309s2172/Df(3L)Brd15 neuroblasts from larvae grown at 18[o]C. This phenotype is exacerbated to 35% at 15[o]C. Cold-reared cp309s2172/Df(3L)Brd15 flies do not exhibit a significant increase in neuroblasts, suggesting that the level of centrosome amplification is insufficient to drive tumorigenesis. The severity of mitotic spindle defects, including the formation of multipolar spindles, is increased in cp309s2172/Df(3L)Brd15 neuroblasts from cold-reared larvae.
Homozygous cp309s2172 flies are viable, but exhibit a severe `uncoordinated' phenotype and die shortly after eclosion because they immediately get stuck in the food. The size and distribution of centrioles in wild-type and cp309s2172 mutant interphase larval brain cells is indistinguishable. The same is true for testes cells. cp309s2172 brain cells do not exhibit a higher mitotic index than control cells. Heterozygous cp309s2172/+ flies have normal responses to a standard sound stimulus from electrodes placed in the antenna and head, while most (16/26) homozygous cp309s2172 flies have no sound-evoked responses, and the amplitude of the response is also greatly reduced in those cp309s2172 flies that do respond. In cp309s2172/+ heterozygous antennae, the ciliary outer segments of the mechanosensory chordotonal neurons in the second antennal segment and of the chemosensory neurons in the third antennal segment are clearly visible. By contrast, in cp309s2172 homozygous mutant antennae the sensory cilia in both the chordotonal organs and the olfactory bristles are absent or severely shortened and kinked, and the chordotonal cilia of the second segment fail to attach to the cuticle that connects the second and third antennal segments. In cp309s2172 mutant testes, morphologically normal primary spermatocytes are formed that each contain two pairs of large, orthogonally arranged centrioles. However, as the spermatocytes mature, the centrioles often lose their orthogonal arrangement and partially fragment. cp309s2172 mutant spermatocytes often form multipolar meiosis I spindles, with each spindle pole organised by at least one centriole. Although meiosis is highly abnormal in cp309s2172 mutant spermatocytes, at least some cells develop into relatively normal looking sperm. However, the distribution of centrioles and nuclei in the cysts is often disorganised. Moreover, although the cp309s2172 mutant sperm contain flagella, these are often nonmotile, even though electron microscopy reveals the sperm tails to be structurally normal.
Germline clones produce eggs with patterning defects: heads are open.
Df(3L)Brd15/Plps2172 is rescued by PlpWT.Ubi.GFP
Df(3L)Brd15/Plps2172 is rescued by Plp2KR.Ubi.GFP
Df(3L)Brd15/Plps2172 is rescued by Plp2IQ.Ubi.GFP
Df(3L)Brd15/Plps2172 is not rescued by Plp2KR.Ubi.GFP
Flies remain inviable/incapacitated and centrosome shape in central brain neuroblasts is abnormal, though sperm are motile with normal centrioles in cp309s2172/Df(3L)Brd15 animals expressing cp3092KR.Ubi.T:Avic\GFP.
Flies are viable/motile, centrosome shape in central brain neuroblasts is normal, and sperm are motile with normal centrioles in cp309s2172/Df(3L)Brd15 animals expressing cp309WT.Ubi.T:Avic\GFP or cp3092IQ.Ubi.T:Avic\GFP.
M. Scott.
Separable from: a lethal mutation on the chromosome. The original "l(3)s2172" chromosome is homozygous lethal, but is viable over a deficiency that removes cp309, indicating that the P{lacW}cp309s2172 insertion in cp309 is viable and that there is a separate lethality on the chromosome.
Complements: l(3)j2A2j2A2.