FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\Apc2[d40]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Apc2^d40

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0137665

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\Apc2

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Key Links

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Allele class

hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Ahmed et al., 2002, Akong et al., 2002, Bejsovec, 2002.10.7)

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

(McCartney et al., 2006)

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Description

Amino acid replacement: C677term.

(Bejsovec, 2002.10.7, McCartney et al., 2001)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

point_mutation

3R:24,166,267..24,166,267 [+]

Nucleotide change:

C24166267A

Amino acid change:

C677term | Apc2-PA; C657term | Apc2-PB; C677term | Apc2-PC

Reported amino acid change:

C677term

Comment:

Site of nucleotide substitution in mutant inferred by FlyBase based on reported amino acid change.

(Bejsovec, 2002.10.7, McCartney et al., 2001)

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

Phenotype Manifest In

abdominal lateral oblique muscle 1 founder cell

(Cox and Baylies, 2005)

abdominal ventral acute muscle 1 founder cell | increased number

(Cox and Baylies, 2005)

abdominal ventral acute muscle 2 founder cell | increased number

(Cox and Baylies, 2005)

abdominal ventral acute muscle 3 founder cell | increased number

(Cox and Baylies, 2005)

abdominal ventral transverse muscle 1 founder cell

(Cox and Baylies, 2005)

denticle

(Bejsovec, 2002.10.7)

embryo | embryonic stage 4 | germline clone

(McCartney et al., 2001)

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle

(Ahmed et al., 2002, Bejsovec, 2002.10.7)

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect

(McCartney et al., 2006, Akong et al., 2002)

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect (with Df(3R)w6)

(Ahmed et al., 2002)

furrow canal | embryonic stage 4 | maternal effect

(Webb et al., 2009)

male germline stem cell & centrosome (with Apc2^ΔS)

(Yamashita et al., 2003)

male germline stem cell & spindle (with Apc2^ΔS)

(Yamashita et al., 2003)

nucleus | embryonic stage 4 | germline clone

(McCartney et al., 2006, McCartney et al., 2001)

ventral denticle belt | maternal effect

(McCartney et al., 2006)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

Repositioning of the mitotic spindle during anaphase in testis somatic cyst stem cells is normal in Apc2^d40/Apc2^ΔS males.

(Cheng et al., 2011)

Embryos maternally mutant for Apc2^d40 exhibit incomplete actin rings that are occasionally associated with apparent spindle collisions. Although actin pseudocleavage furrows initiate in some of these embryos, they do not extend normally.

(Webb et al., 2009)

18% of Apc2^g10 maternally mutant syncytial embryos and 19% of embryos from Apc2^d40/+ mothers show movement of over 2% of cortical nuclei into the embryo interior, compared to 0-3% of wild-type embryos.

Apc2^d40/+ embryos derived from Apc2^d40 homozygous mothers show no dominant-negative effects with respect to cell division.

The cuticle of an average Apc2^d40 maternal/zygotic embryo shows an anterior hole, is 50-60% the length of wild-type and has 2-3 patches of denticles remaining.

(McCartney et al., 2006)

Mutants exhibit an increase in size in every segment of the cII cluster of slou expressing muscle founder cells. A change in size of cI cluster is also seen in 4% of hemisegments.

(Cox and Baylies, 2005)

Apc2^ΔS/Apc2^d40 males have germline stem cells with mispositioned centrosomes, misoriented spindles or detached spindles.

(Yamashita et al., 2003)

Homozygotes survive to adulthood. Homozygotes have a normal number of retinal neurons. Embryos derived from homozygous females mated to wild-type males have a wild-type cuticle. Homozygous embryos derived from homozygous females mated to heterozygous males show an expansion of naked cuticle. Mutant embryos derived from Apc2^d40/Df(3R)w6 females mated to Df(3R)w6/+ males nearly completely lack all ventral denticles.

(Ahmed et al., 2002)

In Apc2^d40 maternal and zygotic mutants most cells take on posterior fates and secrete naked cuticle.

(Akong et al., 2002)

Apc2^d40 is not temperature sensitive, and is homozygous viable in the first generation. Homozygous mutant flies mated together produce embryos showing a more complete excess naked cuticle phenotype than that produced by the Apc2^ΔS stock.

(Bejsovec, 2002.10.7)

Homozygous embryos derived from homozygous female germline clones show loss of nuclei from the surface of the embryo during syncytial development. Actin caps appear generally normal, although they are reduced in size where nuclei have been lost.

(McCartney et al., 2001)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Apc2^d40 has lethal | recessive | rescuable maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by Apc^UAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

(Ahmed et al., 2002)

Other

Statement

Reference

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has lethal | larval stage phenotype

(Ahmed et al., 2002, Akong et al., 2002, Akong et al., 2002)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has visible | somatic clone phenotype

(Ahmed et al., 2002)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has lethal | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect phenotype

(Akong et al., 2002)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

Apc2^d40 has embryonic/first instar larval cuticle phenotype, enhanceable by Apc^Q8

(Ahmed et al., 2002)

NOT Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has ventral denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, non-enhanceable by Axn^{UAS.Tag:Myr(Src64B),Tag:FLAG}/Scer\GAL4^da.G32

(Tolwinski, 2009)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8, Axn^S044230 has ventral denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, non-enhanceable by Axn^{UAS.Tag:Myr(Src64B),Tag:FLAG}/Scer\GAL4^da.G32

(Tolwinski, 2009)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8, Axn^S044230 has ventral denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, non-enhanceable by Apc2^UAS.GFP/Scer\GAL4^da.G32

(Tolwinski, 2009)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8, Axn^S044230 has ventral denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, non-enhanceable by Apc2^{UAS.Tag:Myr(Src64B),Tag:FLAG}/Scer\GAL4^da.G32

(Tolwinski, 2009)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has ventral denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, suppressible by Axn^UAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4^da.G32

(Tolwinski, 2009)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has ventral denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, suppressible by Apc2^UAS.GFP/Scer\GAL4^da.G32

(Tolwinski, 2009)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8, Axn^S044230 has ventral denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, suppressible by Axn^UAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4^da.G32

(Tolwinski, 2009)

Apc2^d40 has embryonic/first instar larval cuticle phenotype, suppressible by Apc^UAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

(Ahmed et al., 2002)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has ventral denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, non-suppressible by Axn^{UAS.Tag:Myr(Src64B),Tag:FLAG}/Scer\GAL4^da.G32

(Tolwinski, 2009)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has ventral denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, non-suppressible by Apc2^{UAS.Tag:Myr(Src64B),Tag:FLAG}/Scer\GAL4^da.G32

(Tolwinski, 2009)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8, Axn^S044230 has ventral denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, non-suppressible by Axn^{UAS.Tag:Myr(Src64B),Tag:FLAG}/Scer\GAL4^da.G32

(Tolwinski, 2009)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8, Axn^S044230 has ventral denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, non-suppressible by Apc2^UAS.GFP/Scer\GAL4^da.G32

(Tolwinski, 2009)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8, Axn^S044230 has ventral denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, non-suppressible by Apc2^{UAS.Tag:Myr(Src64B),Tag:FLAG}/Scer\GAL4^da.G32

(Tolwinski, 2009)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

Apc^Q8/Apc2^d40 is a non-enhancer of ventral denticle belt | germline clone phenotype of Axn^S044230

(Tolwinski, 2009)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

Apc^Q8/Apc2^d40 is a non-suppressor of ventral denticle belt | germline clone phenotype of Axn^S044230

(Tolwinski, 2009)

Other

Statement

Reference

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has ventral denticle belt | germline clone phenotype

(Tolwinski, 2009)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has antenna | somatic clone phenotype

(Ahmed et al., 2002)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has mesonotum | somatic clone phenotype

(Ahmed et al., 2002, Akong et al., 2002)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has leg | somatic clone phenotype

(Ahmed et al., 2002)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has adult head & cuticle | ectopic | somatic clone phenotype

(Ahmed et al., 2002)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has adult head & cuticle | somatic clone phenotype

(Ahmed et al., 2002)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has genitalia | somatic clone phenotype

(Ahmed et al., 2002)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has abdominal tergite | somatic clone phenotype

(Ahmed et al., 2002)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has eye | somatic clone phenotype

(Ahmed et al., 2002)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has wing | somatic clone phenotype

(Ahmed et al., 2002, Akong et al., 2002)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has wing margin bristle | ectopic | somatic clone phenotype

(Ahmed et al., 2002, Akong et al., 2002)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | germline clone | maternal effect phenotype

(Akong et al., 2002)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has ventral denticle belt | germline clone | maternal effect phenotype

(Akong et al., 2002)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has embryo | germline clone | maternal effect | dorsal closure stage phenotype

(Akong et al., 2002)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has embryo | germline clone | maternal effect | embryonic stage 14 phenotype

(Akong et al., 2002)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 has macrochaeta | ectopic | somatic clone phenotype

(Akong et al., 2002)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

The ventral cuticle of Apc^Q8, Apc2^d40 double mutant embryos is naked.

Expression of Axn^Scer\UAS.cHa under the control of Scer\GAL4^da.G32 blocks the naked-cuticle phenotype of Apc^Q8, Apc2^d40 double mutant embryos.

Expression of Axn^{Scer\UAS.T:Src64B,T:Zzzz\FLAG} under the control of Scer\GAL4^da.G32 has no effect on the naked-cuticle phenotype of Apc^Q8, Apc2^d40 double mutant embryos.

Expression of Apc2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^da.G32 restores wild-type patterning of the ventral cuticle in Apc^Q8, Apc2^d40 double mutant embryos.

Expression of Apc2^{Scer\UAS.T:Src64B,T:Zzzz\FLAG} under the control of Scer\GAL4^da.G32 fails to restore wild-type patterning of the ventral cuticle in Apc^Q8, Apc2^d40 double mutant embryos.

Triple mutants for Axn^S044230, Apc^Q8 and Apc2^d40 have naked ventral embryonic epidermis.

The ventral denticle belt phenotype of Axn^S044230, Apc^Q8, Apc2^d40 triple mutants is suppressed by expression of Axn^Scer\UAS.cHa under the control of Scer\GAL4^da.G32.

Expression of Axn^{Scer\UAS.T:Src64B,T:Zzzz\FLAG} under the control of Scer\GAL4^da.G32 has no effect on the ventral denticle belt phenotype of Axn^S044230, Apc^Q8, Apc2^d40 triple mutants.

Expression of Apc2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^da.G32 has no effect on the ventral denticle belt phenotype of Axn^S044230, Apc^Q8, Apc2^d40 triple mutants.

Expression of Apc2^{Scer\UAS.T:Src64B,T:Zzzz\FLAG} under the control of Scer\GAL4^da.G32 has no effect on the ventral denticle belt phenotype of Axn^S044230, Apc^Q8, Apc2^d40 triple mutants.

(Tolwinski, 2009)

Apc^Q8 Apc2^d40 double mutant homozygotes derived from heterozygous parents differentiate a normal larval cuticle but die during the larval stage. Apc^Q8 Apc2^d40 double mutant clones in the wing autonomously form marginal structures, adopting the fate of those marginal cells that are closest to the clone; they form bristles in the anterior and thin tapered hairs in the posterior. The clones can occupy up to 1/3 of the wing surface. Apc^Q8 Apc2^d40 double mutant clones result in outgrowths in the proximal leg and duplications in the distal leg. The duplications arise from the dorsal side of the leg and contain both homozygous clone cells and neighbouring heterozygous cells. Double mutant clones are rarely found in parts of the leg that have differentiated into dorsal structures. Double mutant clones are frequently found in ventral structures and ventral bristles in these clones are often morphologically normal. Apc^Q8 Apc2^d40 double mutant clones in the eye show transformation into ectopic head cuticle. These clones can occupy up to half the eye. Apc^Q8 Apc2^d40 double mutant clones also produce mutant phenotypes in the head cuticle, antennae, labial disc derivatives, notum, tergites and genitalia. The expansion of naked cuticle seen in embryos derived from Apc2^d40 females mated to Apc2^d40 males is enhanced if the maternal or zygotic dose of Apc is reduced by half (using Apc^Q8); in these double mutant embryos most denticles are eliminated. Embryos derived from Apc^Q8 Apc2^d40 double mutant germline clones (lacking maternal but not zygotic Apc and Apc2) have some cuticle defects but often hatch and survive to adulthood. Animals derived from Apc^Q8 Apc2^d40 double mutant germline clones and also lacking zygotic Apc (animal is homozygous for Apc^Q8) die either during embryonic or larval stages and differentiate partially naked cuticles. The cuticle defects of embryos derived from Apc^Q8 Apc2^d40 double mutant germline clones are also enhanced if the embryos lack zygotic Apc2 (embryo is homozygous for Apc2^d40). Expression of Apc^Scer\UAS.cHa under the control of Scer\GAL4^{mat.αTub67C.T:Hsim\VP16} rescues Apc2^d40 embryos (that lack both maternal and zygotic Apc2) to adulthood.

(Ahmed et al., 2002)

Apc2^d40, Apc^Q8 double homozygotes die a first instar larvae.

(Akong et al., 2002)

Apc2^d40 Apc^Q8 double zygotic mutants are embryonic viable and exhibit a wild-type cuticle pattern, but die as larvae. Apc2^d40 Apc^Q8 maternal and zygotic double mutants exhibit a much stronger embryonic cuticle phenotype than Apc2^d40 maternal and zygotic single mutants. Maternal and zygotic double mutant cuticles are shorter, and, unlike Apc2^d40 maternal and zygotic single mutants, most embryos completely lack denticles. Maternal and zygotic double mutants also exhibit a complete failure of head involution. Dorsally, all cells are transformed to the fate normally adopted by posterior cells, and thus all secrete fine dorsal hairs. These embryos also exhibit slight abnormalities in dorsal closure not seen in the single mutant. Embryos receiving paternal wild-type copies of Apc2 and Apc are rescued to viability. Patches of ectopic wing margin bristles are seen in the wing blades of animals in which Apc2^d40 Apc^Q8 double mutant clones have been induced. Ectopic bristles are also seen in the nota of these animals.

(Akong et al., 2002)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Rescued by

Apc2^d40 is rescued by Apc2^+t7

(Ahmed et al., 2002)

Comments

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (1)

Bloomington

6801

Apc2^d40 ca¹/TM3, Sb¹

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Comments

Apc2^d40 is more severe than Apc2^ΔS, though is probably not a null allele.

(Bejsovec, 2002.10.7)

Apc2 alleles can be divided into three categories based on their embryonic cuticle phenotypes, from weak to moderate to strong: Apc2^e90 = Apc2^b5 = Apc2^N175K < Apc2^c9 = Apc2^ΔS = Apc2^d40 < Apc2^g41 = Apc2^f90 = Apc2^g10.

(McCartney et al., 2006)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (6)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

APC2^d40

(McCartney et al., 2006, Zimmerman et al., 2005, Akong et al., 2002, Akong et al., 2002)

APC2D40

(Geng et al., 2025)

Apc2^d40

(Hasan et al., 2024, Webb et al., 2009, Takacs et al., 2008)

D40

(Bienz and Hamada, 2004)

apc2^D40

(Ashour et al., 2023)

apc2^d40

(Chen et al., 2018, Cheng et al., 2011, Tolwinski, 2009, Tolwinski and Wieschaus, 2004, Yamashita et al., 2003)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (20)

Report Sections

Open Close