FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Dhc98D
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Dhc98D
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Dynein heavy chain at 89D
Annotation Symbol
CG1842
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0013813
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
3 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
Gene Summary
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

Dhc

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
98D2-98D3
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-96
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:28486953..28519398
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (10 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ATP binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR035699
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables dynein intermediate chain binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR026983
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000743491
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables dynein light intermediate chain binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000743491
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR026983
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables minus-end-directed microtubule motor activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004273
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000743491
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in flagellated sperm motility
inferred from expression pattern
(Zur Lage et al., 2021)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cilium movement involved in cell motility
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000743491
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in microtubule-based movement
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004273, InterPro:IPR026983
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR026983
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in sperm flagellum
inferred from direct assay
(Zur Lage et al., 2021)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in 9+2 motile cilium
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000743491
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
part_of dynein complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000743491
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004273, InterPro:IPR026983
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR026983
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
minus-end-directed microtubule motor activity
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
AXONEMAL INNER ARM DYNEIN HEAVY CHAINS -
Dynein heavy chains are minus end-directed microtubule motor proteins. Axonemal dynein complexes interact with adjacent microtubules in the axoneme. Coordinated binding and release of the axonemal dyneins slide the microtubules relative to each other causing the axoneme to bend driving ciliary and flagellar motion. Axonemal inner arm dynein heavy chains are the microtubule-binding motor protein of the dynein inner arm. (Adapted from FBrf0230280).
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Dhc98D for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VAV5)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Dhc98D-RB
FBtr0301302
NM_079817
15850
5080
Dhc98D-RC
FBtr0301303
NM_001170288
15829
5073
Dhc98D-RD
FBtr0337034
NM_001276107
13511
4445
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Dhc98D using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

3.17

Transcript Expression
mutational analysis
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | male
spermatogonium

Comment: data from FlyAtlas

(Zur Lage et al., 2019)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
(Rasmusson et al., 1994)
adult stage | female
(Rasmusson et al., 1994)
adult stage | male
testis
(Rasmusson et al., 1994)
(Rasmusson et al., 1994)
Additional Descriptive Data

As part of a survey of ciliary motility gene homologs in Drosophila, expression of Dhc98D was assayed in motile ciliated cell types. Expression was observed in sperm (testis) but not chordotonal neurons.

(Zur Lage et al., 2019)

Dhc98D transcripts are expressed in male testis and at lower levels in females and embryos.

(Rasmusson et al., 1994)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 5 of adulthood | male -- day 7 of adulthood | male
spermatozoon
(Wasbrough et al., 2010, Dorus et al., 2006)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in sperm flagellum
inferred from direct assay
(Zur Lage et al., 2021)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Dhc98D in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 2 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Dhc98D
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Dhc98D
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3R)Exel6259
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Inferred from location ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Sterility
Allele
male semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4VP16.bam
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (16)
Hsap\DNAH10
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\DNAH2
5 of 14
No
No
Hsap\DNAH9
5 of 14
No
No
Hsap\DNAH11
5 of 14
No
No
Hsap\DNAH17
5 of 14
No
No
Hsap\DNAH5
4 of 14
No
No
Hsap\DNAH6
4 of 14
No
No
Hsap\DNAH8
4 of 14
No
No
Hsap\DNAH1
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\DNAH3
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\DNAH7
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\DNAH12
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\DNAH14
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\DYNC1H1
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\DNHD1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\DYNC2H1
2 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (15)
Rnor\Dnah9
5 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Dnah2
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Dnah11
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Dnah17
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Dnah1
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Dnah5
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Dnah6
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Dnah8
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Dync1h1
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Dync2h1
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Dnah7
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Dnah10
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Dnah12
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Dnhd1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Dnah14
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (19)
Mmus\Dnah10
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Dnah2
5 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dnah9
5 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dnah11
5 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dnah5
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dnah6
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dnah17
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dnah1
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dnah7a
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dnah7c
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dnah8
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dnah12
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dnah14
3 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Dync1h1
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dync2h1
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dnah3
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dnah7b
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dnhd1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Map1lc3b
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (19)
Xtro\dnah10
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\dnah2
3 of 13
No
No
Xtro\dnah9
3 of 13
No
No
Xtro\dnah14
3 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC100497531
3 of 13
No
No
Xtro\dnah5
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\dnah6
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\dnah11
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100488102
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\c1orf159
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\dna2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\dnah12
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\dync1h1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\epha4
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gtf2h1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100488188
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\rab19
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\sbf2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\spred1
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (15)
Drer\dnah10
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\dnah2
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\dnah5
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\dnah5l
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\dnah9l
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC567790
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\dnah12
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\dnah1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\dnah6
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\dnah7
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\dync1h1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\dync2h1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC110437768
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\dnah9
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC110439139
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)
Cele\che-3
4 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\dhc-1
4 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\dhc-3
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\dhc-4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (12)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001660
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001672
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010435
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003226
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003271
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007675
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009550
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002009
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009568
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010790
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011441
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002015
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\DYN1
4 of 13
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\dhc1
5 of 12
Yes
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Dhc98D. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (14)
CG3339
9 of 13
Dhc93AB
9 of 13
Dhc1
8 of 13
Dhc16F
8 of 13
kl-2
8 of 13
Dhc36C
7 of 13
Dhc64C
7 of 13
kl-3
7 of 13
kl-5
7 of 13
btv
6 of 13
Dnah3
6 of 13
CG9068
5 of 13
Dhc62B
5 of 13
sac
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Dhc98DRNAi.UAS.cUa
model of  obesity
CEA
(Justice et al., 2019)
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
DNAH10; dynein axonemal heavy chain 10
model of  spermatogenic failure 56
IEA
(FlyBase, 2019-)
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
DNAH10; dynein axonemal heavy chain 10
13 of 14
605884
DNAH2; dynein axonemal heavy chain 2
5 of 14
603333
DNAH9; dynein axonemal heavy chain 9
5 of 14
603330
DNAH11; dynein axonemal heavy chain 11
5 of 14
603339
DNAH17; dynein axonemal heavy chain 17
5 of 14
610063
DNAH5; dynein axonemal heavy chain 5
4 of 14
603335
DNAH6; dynein axonemal heavy chain 6
4 of 14
603336
      DNAH8; dynein axonemal heavy chain 8
      4 of 14
      603337
      DNAH1; dynein axonemal heavy chain 1
      3 of 14
      603332
      DNAH3; dynein axonemal heavy chain 3
      3 of 14
      603334
          DNAH7; dynein axonemal heavy chain 7
          3 of 14
          610061
            DNAH12; dynein axonemal heavy chain 12
            3 of 14
            603340
              DNAH14; dynein axonemal heavy chain 14
              3 of 14
              603341
                  DYNC1H1; dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1
                  3 of 14
                  600112
                  Functional Complementation Data
                  Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                  Interactions
                  Summary of Physical Interactions
                  Interaction Browsers
                  View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                  Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
                  protein-protein
                  Physical Interaction
                  Assay
                  References
                  Dhc98D - Nnf1a
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
                  (Przewloka et al., 2007)
                  Summary of Genetic Interactions
                  Interaction Browsers
                  Starting gene(s)
                  Interaction type
                  Interacting gene(s)
                  Reference
                  Starting gene(s)
                  Interaction type
                  Interacting gene(s)
                  Reference
                  External Data
                  Linkouts
                  DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                  MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                  Pathways
                  Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                  Metabolic Pathways
                  FlyBase
                  External Links
                  External Data
                  Linkouts
                  KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                  Class of Gene
                  Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                  Chromosome (arm)
                  3R
                  Recombination map
                  3-96
                  Cytogenetic map
                  98D2-98D3
                  Sequence location
                  FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                  Cytogenetic map
                  Evidence for location
                  98D2-98D3
                  Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0648706487 and P{EP}EP3390EP3390
                  Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                  Cytogenetic map
                  Notes
                  References
                  98D-98D
                  (Li, 1993)
                  98D-98D
                  (determined by in situ hybridisation)
                  (Rasmusson et al., 1994)
                  Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                  Location

                  3-96

                  (FlyBase, 2016)

                  3-93.7

                  (Comeron et al., 2012)

                  3-

                  (Li, 1993)
                  Left of (cM)
                  Right of (cM)
                  Notes
                  Stocks and Reagents
                  Stocks (3)
                  Genomic Clones (32)
                  cDNA Clones (12)
                   

                  Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                  cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                  BDGP DGC clones
                  Other clones
                    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                    BDGP DGC clones
                    Other clones
                    RNAi and Array Information
                    Linkouts
                    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                    Antibody Information
                    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                     
                    Commercially Available Antibodies
                     
                    Cell Line Information
                    Publicly Available Cell Lines
                     
                      Other Stable Cell Lines
                       
                        Other Comments

                        dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

                        (Kiger et al., 2003)

                        Spindle pole movements in embryos are directed by a temporally coordinated balance of forces generated by three mitotic motors; cytoplasmic dynein, Klp61F and ncd. Dynein acts to move the poles apart throughout mitosis, and this activity is augmented by Klp61F after the fenestration of the nuclear envelope, which occurs at the onset of prometaphase. ncd generates forces that pull the poles together between interphase and metaphase, antagonising the activity of both cytoplasmic dynein and Klp61F and serving as a brake for spindle assembly.

                        (Sharp et al., 2000)

                        Identification: PCR screen for Dynein heavy chain genes.

                        (Kurek et al., 1998)

                        Dhc98D has been cloned and characterised.

                        (Rasmusson et al., 1994)
                        Relationship to Other Genes
                        Source for database merge of
                        Additional comments
                        Nomenclature History
                        Source for database identify of

                        Source for identity of: Dhc98D CG1842

                        (Liang, 1999.11)
                        Nomenclature comments
                        Etymology
                        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)
                        Datasets (0)
                        Study focus (0)
                        Experimental Role
                        Project
                        Project Type
                        Title
                        Study result (0)
                        Result
                        Result Type
                        Title
                        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 61 )
                        Sequence Crossreferences
                        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                        Other crossreferences
                        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                        Linkouts
                        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                        References (51)