FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Ak1

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Ak1

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Adenylate kinase 1

Annotation Symbol

CG17146

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0022709

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

13 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

adenylate kinase (2.7.4.3)

Gene Summary

Catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between ATP and AMP (PubMed:19416704). Plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis and in adenine nucleotide metabolism (By similarity). (UniProt, Q8IQG9)

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

Adk1

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

69A2-69A2

Sequence location

3L:12,200,322..12,204,082 [-]

Recombination map

3-38

RefSeq locus

NT_037436 REGION:12200322..12204082

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (9 terms)

Molecular Function (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables AMP kinase activity

inferred from direct assay

(Fujisawa et al., 2009)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables AMP kinase activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000001507

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006267

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000599576

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables ATP binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000850, InterPro:IPR006267

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables nucleobase-containing compound kinase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000850

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in 'de novo' pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000001507

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

involved_in ATP metabolic process

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006267

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000850

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000001507

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

Cellular Component (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cytoplasm

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000599576

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000001507

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006267

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

is_active_in cytosol

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001157033

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

located_in nucleus

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000001507

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

NUCLEOSIDE MONOPHOSPHATE KINASES

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. AK1 subfamily. (Q8IQG9)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

AMP kinase activity

AMP + ATP = 2 ADP (2.7.4.3)

RHEA 12973:

Summaries

Gene Group (FlyBase)

NUCLEOSIDE MONOPHOSPHATE KINASES -: Nucleoside monophosphate kinases catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a nucleotide substrate.

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

(UniProt, Q8IQG9)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Ak1 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q8IQG9)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Ak1-RA

FBtr0076017

NM_079314

963

201

Ak1-RB

FBtr0076018

NM_168493

1266

229

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Ak1-PA

FBpp0075749

21.9

201

5.39

FBpp0075750

25.3

229

7.77

Q8IQG9

NP_729792

AAN12254

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Ak1 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Adk1_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

4.09

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

day 5 of adulthood | male -- day 7 of adulthood | male

spermatozoon

(Dorus et al., 2006)

day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood

adult heart

(Cammarato et al., 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Ak1 in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Ak1

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Ak1

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0022709

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

39396/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0022709

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0022709

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0022709

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG17146

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0022709

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Ak1

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Ak1

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )

Inferred from location ( 7 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Ak1^GD9294

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Ak1^GD9294

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Ak1^GD9294

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Ak1^GD9294

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal pain response | adult stage, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Ak1^GD9294

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (10)

Hsap\AK1

12 of 14

Yes

6 of 14

5 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\AK2

1 of 14

Hsap\AK7

1 of 14

Hsap\LOC390877

1 of 14

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (8)

Rnor\Ak1

12 of 14

Yes

6 of 14

5 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (10)

Mmus\Ak1

12 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Cmpk1

6 of 14

Mmus\Ak5

5 of 14

Mmus\Gm17949

4 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (6)

Xtro\ak1

9 of 13

Yes

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\dedd2

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (11)

Drer\ak1

13 of 14

Yes

4 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

Drer\ak9

2 of 14

Drer\ak7a

1 of 14

Drer\ak7b

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (7)

Cele\F38B2.4

12 of 14

Yes

5 of 14

5 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (5)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP009317

11 of 12

Yes

4 of 12

3 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (11)

Atha\AT3G60180

5 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT4G25280

5 of 13

Yes

Atha\PYR6

5 of 13

Yes

4 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)

Scer\URA6

5 of 13

Yes

Scer\ADK1

2 of 13

Scer\ADK2

2 of 13

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)

Spom\SPCC1795.05c

4 of 12

Yes

Spom\adk1

2 of 12

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (1)

Ecol\adk

3 of 11

Yes

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Ak1. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (4)

Cmpk

6 of 13

CG9541

5 of 13

Ak3

4 of 13

Ak2

3 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

AK1; adenylate kinase 1

model of congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia 3

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

AK1; adenylate kinase 1

12 of 14

103000

ANEMIA, CONGENITAL, NONSPHEROCYTIC HEMOLYTIC, 3; CNSHA3

congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia 3

CMPK1; cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1

6 of 14

191710

AK5; adenylate kinase 5

5 of 14

608009

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0022709

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

Interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-38

Cytogenetic map

69A2-69A2

Sequence location

3L:12,200,322..12,204,082 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

69A2-69A2

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}rols⁰⁸²³²&P{lacW}l(3)j2D3^j2D3 and P{PZ}l(3)05088⁰⁵⁰⁸⁸

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-38

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-30.9

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (13)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

35582

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.GL00177}attP2

51799

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMC03355}attP40

59138

y¹ w^*; Mi{MIC}Ak1^MI13455

13962

y¹ w^67c23; P{SUPor-P}Ak1^KG03546 ry⁵⁰⁶

81704

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TKO.GS03469}attP40

11603

17146R-3

HMC03355

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMC03355}attP40

GL00177

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.GL00177}attP2

VDRC

v104475

P{KK109145}VIE-260B

v25214

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD9294}v25214

v342978

P{hsFLP}1, y1 w1118; P{HD_CFD02574}attP40/CyO-GFP

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (17)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (44)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0022709

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0022709

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

EST LP07070 is chimeric; the 5' portion matches part of AE003542 on the opposite strand to Adk1, the 3' portion corresponds to part of RpL41.

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: Adk1 CG17146

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

Source for merge of Adk1 CG17146 was sequence comparison ( date:010428 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Ak1 Adk1

(Fujisawa et al., 2009)

Nomenclature comments

FlyBase curator comment: Renamed from Adk1 to Ak1 because (i) 'Ak' is the standard abbreviation for 'adenylate kinase' (this enzyme), whereas 'Adk' is the standard abbreviation for 'adenosine kinase'; (ii) an 'ak' (rather than 'adk') prefix has been used in all papers that focus on the Drosophila gene/protein, including the first to characterize it (this one - FBrf0210460); (iii) we are already using the 'ak' prefix for the 'Ak6' gene.

(Fujisawa et al., 2009)

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (11)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

ADK-1

(Choudhary et al., 1992)

AK1

(Noma et al., 2000)

Adk1

(Marcogliese et al., 2022, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Gene Disruption Project members, 2016-, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Abruzzi et al., 2011, Foley et al., 2010, Dorus et al., 2006)

Ak1

(Pavlidaki et al., 2022)

CG17146

(McEachern et al., 2014, Cammarato et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Pan and Zhang, 2009)

DAK1

(Noma, 2000.10.27)

Dak1

(Fujisawa et al., 2009)

adk1

(Staudt et al., 2005)

bs34e10.y1

(Andrews et al., 2000)

Name Synonyms

Adenylate kinase 1

Adenylate kinase-1

(Cammarato et al., 2011, Choudhary et al., 1992)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0036265

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 56 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

39396

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q8IQG9

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q8IQG9

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q8IQG9

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0022709

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

39396/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0022709

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0022709

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0022709

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG17146

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

39396

Linkouts

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0022709

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0022709

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0022709

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Adk1_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0022709

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0022709

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG17146

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0022709

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0022709

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

Interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates

References (52)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

4.09

Report Sections