FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Rpn2
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Rpn2
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Regulatory particle non-ATPase 2
Annotation Symbol
CG11888
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0028692
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
7 publicly available
Gene Summary
Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. (UniProt, Q9V3P6)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

p110

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
98F13-98F13
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-97
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:29153524..29157255
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (9 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables zinc ion binding
inferred from direct assay
(Kiss et al., 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables enzyme regulator activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR016642
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lőw et al., 2013, Wojcik and DeMartino, 2002)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
inferred by curator from GO:0005838
(Sumegi et al., 2003)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000101661
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in regulation of protein catabolic process
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR016642
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of proteasome complex
inferred from direct assay
(Nickell et al., 2009)
part_of proteasome regulatory particle
inferred from direct assay
(Kiss et al., 2005, Sumegi et al., 2003, Holzl et al., 2000)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000101661
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
part_of proteasome complex
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR016642
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
part_of proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000101661
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000001337
(Holzl et al., 2000)
part_of proteasome regulatory particle
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q99460
(Holzl et al., 2000)
is_active_in proteasome storage granule
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000101661
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S1 family. (Q9V3P6)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
PROTEASOME REGULATORY PARTICLE NON-ATPASES -
The 26S proteasome degrades polyubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and nucleus. It is formed from a cylindrical catalytic core 20S proteasome capped at each end by a regulatory 19S particle. The 19S regulatory particle recognizes, unfolds, and translocates ubiquitinated proteins into the catalytic core particle in an ATP-dependent manner. 'Rpn' subunits are non-ATPase subunits located in the base and lid subcomplexes of the regulatory particle (Adapted from FBrf0215459 and PMID:28583440.)
26S PROTEASOME - TESTIS-SPECIFIC VARIANT -
The 26S proteasome degrades polyubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and nucleus. It is formed from a cylindrical catalytic core 20S proteasome capped at each end by a regulatory 19S particle. The 19S regulatory particle recognizes, unfolds, and translocates ubiquitinated proteins into the catalytic core particle in an ATP-dependent manner. (Adapted from FBrf0215459).
26S PROTEASOME -
The 26S proteasome degrades polyubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and nucleus. It is formed from a cylindrical catalytic core 20S proteasome capped at each end by a regulatory 19S particle. The 19S regulatory particle recognizes, unfolds, and translocates ubiquitinated proteins into the catalytic core particle in an ATP-dependent manner. (Adapted from FBrf0215459).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.
(UniProt, Q9V3P6)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Rpn2 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9V3P6)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Stop-codon suppression (UAA) postulated; FBrf0216885.

Gene model reviewed during 5.53

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Rpn2-RA
FBtr0085385
NM_143420
3325
1020
Rpn2-RB
FBtr0330379
NM_001276128
3325
1029
Rpn2-RC
FBtr0334532
NM_001276129
3412
1020
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

3.123 (longest cDNA)

(Sullivan et al., 2001)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Rpn2-PA
FBpp0084754
113.2
1020
4.83
Q9V3P6
NP_651677
AAF56868
Rpn2-PB
FBpp0303405
114.2
1029
4.83
A0A0B4KI10
NP_001263057
AGB96437
Rpn2-PC
FBpp0306599
113.2
1020
4.83
Q9V3P6
NP_001263058
AGB96438
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1020 aa isoforms: Rpn2-PA, Rpn2-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

946 (aa)

(Sullivan et al., 2001)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Rpn2 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.70

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 5 of adulthood | male -- day 7 of adulthood | male
spermatozoon
(Wasbrough et al., 2010)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of proteasome complex
inferred from direct assay
(Nickell et al., 2009)
part_of proteasome regulatory particle
inferred from direct assay
(Kiss et al., 2005, Sumegi et al., 2003, Holzl et al., 2000)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Rpn2 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 2 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Rpn2
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Rpn2
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3R)Slbp12
(Sullivan et al., 2001)
Inferred from location ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Hsap\PSMD1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\PSMD2
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Psmd1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Psmd2
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Psmd1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Psmd2
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\psmd1
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\psmd2
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
Drer\psmd1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\psmd2
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\rpn-2
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\rpn-1
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001745
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002481
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (4)
Atha\AT1G04810
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT2G32730
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\RPN1A
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\RPN1B
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)
Scer\RPN2
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\RPN1
1 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
Spom\rpn2
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\mts4
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Rpn2. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
Rpn1
3 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    PSMD1; proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1
    14 of 14
    617842
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
        protein-protein
        Physical Interaction
        Assay
        References
        Rpn2 - CG11885
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - CG12321
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - PSMG1
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Pomp
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Prosα1
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Prosα2
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Prosα3
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Prosα4
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Prosα5
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Prosα6
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Prosα7
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Prosβ1
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Prosβ2
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Prosβ3
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Prosβ4
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Prosβ5
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Prosβ6
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Prosβ7
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Rpn1
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Rpn11
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Rpn12
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Rpn13
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Rpn3
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Rpn5
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Rpn6
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Rpn7
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Rpn8
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Rpn9
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Rpt1
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Rpt2
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Rpt3
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Rpt4
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Rpt5
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Rpt6
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Rpn2 - Uch-L5
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        External Data
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
        External Data
        Linkouts
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3R
        Recombination map
        3-97
        Cytogenetic map
        98F13-98F13
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        98F13-98F13
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP3390EP3390 and P{PZ}l(3)0470804708
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        98F-98F
        (Sullivan, 2000.10.10, Sullivan, 1999.8.12)
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-97

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-94.8

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (7)
        Genomic Clones (15)
         

        Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

        cDNA Clones (75)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments

            RNAi generated by PCR using primers directed to this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells.

            (Boutros et al., 2004)
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of
            Additional comments
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of
            Nomenclature comments

            The nomenclature of genes encoding subunits of the 26S proteasome of D. melanogaster have been standardized according to FBrf0215459. These symbols/names largely follow those used already in FlyBase, and largely mirror fly community usage. HOWEVER, note that at least one other nomenclature system exists that is followed by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC), for example, with the unfortunate result that several D. melanogaster genes have shared synonyms.

            (FlyBase, 2009-)
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
            Reported As
            Symbol Synonym
            11888
            (Ravi et al., 2009)
            CG11888
            (Kolkhof et al., 2017, Rosa-Ferreira et al., 2015, Wang et al., 2014, Schertel et al., 2013, Christis and Munro, 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Belote and Zhong, 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Chen et al., 2008, Barbash and Lorigan, 2007, Gandhi et al., 2007, Lundgren et al., 2005, Ma et al., 2002)
            PSMC1
            (Lindquist et al., 2011)
            RPN2
            (Guenin et al., 2010)
            Rpn2
            (Tsakiri et al., 2025, Lee et al., 2024, Järvelä-Stölting et al., 2021, Pizzo et al., 2021, Recasens-Alvarez et al., 2021, Mukherjee et al., 2020, Walls et al., 2020, Kurshakova et al., 2019, Rodriguez-Fernandez et al., 2019, Grobler et al., 2018, Ashton-Beaucage et al., 2016, Chen et al., 2014, Mukherjee et al., 2014, Wang et al., 2014, Kwon et al., 2013, Lőw et al., 2013, McPhee et al., 2013, Schertel et al., 2013, Velentzas et al., 2013, Gurudatta et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Tokusumi et al., 2012, Friedman et al., 2011, Jungreis, 2011.11.18, Lindquist et al., 2011, Avet-Rochex et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Belote and Zhong, 2009, Chittaranjan et al., 2009, Nickell et al., 2009, Nie et al., 2009, Ravi et al., 2009, Chen et al., 2008, Hoopfer et al., 2008, Liu and Lehmann, 2008, Zhou et al., 2008, Barbash and Lorigan, 2007, Lundgren et al., 2005, Ma et al., 2002)
            S1
            (Lundgren et al., 2005)
            dRpn2
            (Wojcik and DeMartino, 2002)
            p110
            (Kiss et al., 2005, Lundgren et al., 2005, Sumegi et al., 2003, Kurucz et al., 2002, Ma et al., 2002, Holzl et al., 2000)
            rpn2
            (Wong et al., 2020, Tonoki et al., 2009)
            Name Synonyms
            Regulatory particle non-ATPase 2
            Rpn2
            (Cammarato et al., 2011)
            Secondary FlyBase IDs
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 109 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
              Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
              References (97)