FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Lst
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Lst
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Limostatin
Annotation Symbol
CG8317
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0034140
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
8 publicly available
Gene Summary
Limostatin (Lst) encodes a peptide hormone produced by endocrine corpora cardiaca cells during starvation. It suppresses insulin production and secretion from insulin-producing cells by signaling through the G-protein coupled receptor encoded by PK1-R. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
53C8-53C8
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-80
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:16574579..16576586
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (6 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cellular response to carbohydrate stimulus
inferred from expression pattern
(Alfa et al., 2015)
involved_in cellular response to starvation
inferred from expression pattern
(Alfa et al., 2015)
involved_in glucose homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Alfa et al., 2015)
involved_in negative regulation of peptide hormone secretion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Alfa et al., 2015)
involved_in regulation of calcium-mediated signaling
inferred from direct assay
(Alfa et al., 2015)
involved_in triglyceride homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Alfa et al., 2015)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
    -
    Summaries
    Gene Snapshot
    Limostatin (Lst) encodes a peptide hormone produced by endocrine corpora cardiaca cells during starvation. It suppresses insulin production and secretion from insulin-producing cells by signaling through the G-protein coupled receptor encoded by PK1-R. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
    Summary (Interactive Fly)

    secreted hormone, regulates insulin pathway, suppresses insulin secretion by insulin-producing cells following starvation, localized to glucose-sensing, endocrine corpora cardiaca (CC) cells associated with the gut

    Gene Model and Products
    Number of Transcripts
    3
    Number of Unique Polypeptides
    3

    Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Lst for information on other features

    To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

    Protein Domains (via Pfam)
    Isoform displayed:
    Pfam protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Protein Domains (via SMART)
    Isoform displayed:
    SMART protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Structure
    Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry A0A0B4K762)

    If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
    Model Confidence:
    • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
    • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
    • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
    • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

    AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

    Experimentally Determined Structures
    Crossreferences
    Comments on Gene Model

    Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

    Gene model reviewed during 5.50

    Transcript Data
    Annotated Transcripts
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    RefSeq ID
    Length (nt)
    Assoc. CDS (aa)
    Lst-RA
    FBtr0087122
    NM_137294
    1035
    139
    Lst-RB
    FBtr0306005
    NM_001259439
    1074
    152
    Lst-RC
    FBtr0306006
    NM_001259440
    2008
    120
    Additional Transcript Data and Comments
    Reported size (kB)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Polypeptide Data
    Annotated Polypeptides
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    Predicted MW (kDa)
    Length (aa)
    Theoretical pI
    UniProt
    RefSeq ID
    GenBank
    Lst-PA
    FBpp0086268
    16.4
    139
    10.83
    Q6NPB2
    NP_611138
    AAF57982
    Lst-PB
    FBpp0297147
    17.9
    152
    10.83
    A0A0B4K762
    NP_001246368
    AFH08121
    Lst-PC
    FBpp0297148
    14.3
    120
    11.00
    A0A0B4K7D0
    NP_001246369
    AFH08122
    Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

    None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

    Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
    Reported size (kDa)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Linkouts
    Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
    Mapped Features

    Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Lst using the Feature Mapper tool.

    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
    Linkouts
    Expression Data
    Testis-specificity index

    The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

    -0.72

    Transcript Expression
    Additional Descriptive Data
    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Polypeptide Expression
    immunolocalization
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    adult stage
    corpus cardiacum
    (Alfa et al., 2015)
    Additional Descriptive Data

    Lst is produced in the corpus cardiacum.

    (Alfa et al., 2015)
    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Evidence
    References
    Expression Deduced from Reporters
    High-Throughput Expression Data
    Associated Tools

    JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

    View Dmel\Lst in JBrowse
    RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
    Bulk Downloads
    RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
    Reference
    See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
    Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
    Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
    External Data and Images
    Linkouts
    BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
    DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
    FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
    Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
    Images
    FlyBase Wiki
    Image Based Resources
    Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
    Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 4 )
    For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
     
    Other relevant insertions
    Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )
    For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
    Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Lst
    Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Lst
    Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
    Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
    Gene disrupted in
    Df(2R)Exel7144
    (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
    Inferred from location ( 2 )
    Variants
    Variant Molecular Consequences
    Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
    Phenotypes
    For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
    Lethality
    Allele
    viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
    viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
    viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
    Other Phenotypes
    Allele
    abnormal developmental rate, with Scer\GAL4r4
    short lived
    Phenotype manifest in
    Allele
    Orthologs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Orthologs
    Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Source
    Compara
    Domainoid
    eggNOG
    Hieranoid
    Homologene
    Inparanoid
    OMA
    OrthoDB
    OrthoFinder
    OrthoInspector
    orthoMCL
    Panther
    Phylome
    SonicParanoid
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
    Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Source
    Compara
    Domainoid
    eggNOG
    Hieranoid
    Homologene
    Inparanoid
    OMA
    OrthoDB
    OrthoFinder
    OrthoInspector
    orthoMCL
    Panther
    Phylome
    SonicParanoid
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
    Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
    Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
    Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
    Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
    Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
    Agam\AgaP_AGAP013197
    1 of 12
    Yes
    Yes
    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
    Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
    Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
    Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
    Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Lst. Refer to their site for version information.
    Paralogs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Paralogs
    Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Human Disease Associations
    FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    LstGD13891
    model of  obesity
    CEA
    (Alfa et al., 2015)
    Lst1
    model of  obesity
    CEA
    (Alfa et al., 2015)
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    pbl
    enhanceable
    Lst
    (Gregory et al., 2007)
    pbl
    suppressible
    Lst
    (Gregory et al., 2007)
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2R
    Recombination map
    2-80
    Cytogenetic map
    53C8-53C8
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    53C8-53C8
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Sema-2a03021&P{PZ}Cdk405428 and P{EP}BEST:SD02913EP2148&P{lacW}Dekk09907
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    2-80

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    2-83.1

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (8)
    Genomic Clones (17)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (20)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     

    monoclonal

    (Alfa et al., 2015)
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of
        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: Lst CG8317

        (Alfa et al., 2015)
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology

        Named 'limostatin' after Limos, the Greek goddess of starvation.

        (Alfa et al., 2015)
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (6)
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 34 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        References (62)