FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Fst

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Fst

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Frost

Annotation Symbol

CG9434

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0037724

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

5 publicly available

Gene Summary

Frost (Fst) encodes a potentially secreted protein that protects female reproduction after cold treatment. [Date last reviewed: 2018-11-15] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Interactive Fly

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

85E2-85E2

Sequence location

3R:9,644,978..9,646,154 [-]

Recombination map

3-49

RefSeq locus

NT_033777 REGION:9644978..9646154

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (3 terms)

Molecular Function (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Biological Process (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in cold acclimation

inferred from expression pattern

(Qin et al., 2005)

involved_in response to cold

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Colinet et al., 2010)

inferred from expression pattern

(Goto, 2001)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Cellular Component (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in extracellular space

inferred from sequence model

(Goto, 2001)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Frost (Fst) encodes a potentially secreted protein that protects female reproduction after cold treatment. [Date last reviewed: 2018-11-15]

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Fst for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9VH99)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.40

Gene model reviewed during 5.53

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Fst-RA

FBtr0082101

NM_079570

1177

286

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Fst-PA

FBpp0081579

30.0

286

3.59

Q9VH99

NP_524294

AAF54420

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Fst using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Fst_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.30

Transcript Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Fst in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Fst

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Fst

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0037724

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

41169/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0037724

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0037724

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0037724

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG9434

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 4 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Fst

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Fst

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3R)Exel6264

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Inferred from location ( 7 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Fst^GD5629

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Fst^GD5629

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Fst^GD5629

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Fst^GD5629

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal cold stress response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

Fst^KK110516

abnormal cold stress response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

Fst^KK110516

abnormal cold stress response | adult stage | female limited, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

Fst^KK110516

some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Fst^GD5629

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (0)

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)

Rnor\Mucl3

1 of 14

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)

Mmus\Gp1ba

1 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Mucl3

1 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Prg4

1 of 14

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP004367

1 of 12

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Fst. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (3)

Muc11A

1 of 13

Muc55B

1 of 13

Muc68E

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0037724

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-49

Cytogenetic map

85E2-85E2

Sequence location

3R:9,644,978..9,646,154 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

85E2-85E2

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}Crc^EP3006 and P{lacW}s2681

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-49

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-46.2

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (5)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

79508

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TOE.GS01974}attP40

33376

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS00250}attP2/TM3, Sb¹

NIG-Fly

HMS00250

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS00250}attP2/TM3, Sb¹

VDRC

v102049

P{KK110516}VIE-260B

v17258

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD5629}v17258

Genomic Clones (21)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (41)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0037724

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0037724

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Identification: as a gene which is considerably upregulated during recovery after cold shock.

(Goto, 2001)

Fst is upregulated during recovery from cold shock. A prolongation of cold shock is more effective for induction. Fst does not respond to heat shock.

(Goto, 2001)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Source for identity of frost CG9434 was sequence comparison ( date:010405 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Fst CG9434

(Goto, 2001)

Source for identity of: frost CG9434

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (5)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Name Synonyms

Frost

(Ramond et al., 2020, Kemp et al., 2013, Pankotai et al., 2013, Chintapalli et al., 2012, Reis et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Colinet et al., 2010, Fernández-Ayala et al., 2010, Udaka et al., 2010, Zhong et al., 2010, Zsindely et al., 2009, Sinclair et al., 2007, Qin et al., 2005, Goto, 2001)

frost

(Hangartner et al., 2015, Laayouni et al., 2007)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 31 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

41169

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9VH99

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9VH99

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0037724

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

41169/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0037724

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0037724

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0037724

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG9434

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

41169

Linkouts

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0037724

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0037724

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0037724

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Fst_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0037724

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0037724

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG9434

References (70)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.30

Report Sections