FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\vsg
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\vsg
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
visgun
Annotation Symbol
CG16707
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0045823
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
6 publicly available
Gene Summary
visgun (vsg) encodes a protein involved in cell proliferation regulation, response to ethanol and long-term memory. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-19] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
67C5-67C5
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-31
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:9714324..9717716
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (6 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in behavioral response to ethanol
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Berger et al., 2008)
involved_in long-term memory
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Akalal et al., 2011)
involved_in regulation of cell population proliferation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhou et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle
inferred from direct assay
(Zhou et al., 2006)
located_in female germline ring canal
inferred from direct assay
(Airoldi et al., 2011)
located_in somatic ring canal
inferred from direct assay
(Airoldi et al., 2011)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasmic vesicle
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000140840
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
visgun (vsg) encodes a protein involved in cell proliferation regulation, response to ethanol and long-term memory. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-19]
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
5
Number of Unique Polypeptides
3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\vsg for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry M9PHX2)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Stop-codon suppression (UGA) postulated; FBrf0216884.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
vsg-RA
FBtr0076398
NM_168363
2270
182
vsg-RB
FBtr0076399
NM_168364
2164
182
vsg-RC
FBtr0076401
NM_140092
2167
183
vsg-RD
FBtr0076400
NM_168362
2273
183
vsg-RE
FBtr0330097
NM_001274717
2164
262
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
vsg-PA
FBpp0076127
18.9
182
8.07
Q8I0D8
NP_729535
AAN11953
vsg-PB
FBpp0076128
18.9
182
8.07
Q8I0D8
NP_729536
AAN11954
vsg-PC
FBpp0076130
18.9
183
8.07
Q9VT37
NP_648349
AAF50218
vsg-PD
FBpp0076129
18.9
183
8.07
Q9VT37
NP_729534
AAN11952
vsg-PE
FBpp0303130
26.6
262
8.65
M9PHX2
NP_001261646
AGB94341
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

182 aa isoforms: vsg-PA, vsg-PB
183 aa isoforms: vsg-PC, vsg-PD
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\vsg using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.15

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle
inferred from direct assay
(Zhou et al., 2006)
located_in female germline ring canal
inferred from direct assay
(Airoldi et al., 2011)
located_in somatic ring canal
inferred from direct assay
(Airoldi et al., 2011)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: PBac{681.P.FSVS-1}vsgCPTI001718
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult brain cell body rind
(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\vsg in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 13 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 3 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of vsg
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of vsg
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
viable
Sterility
Allele
fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal memory
chemical sensitive
melanotic mass phenotype
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
melanotic mass
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (3)
Hsap\CD164
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\CD164L2
4 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\TMEM123
4 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (4)
Rnor\Cd164
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Cd164l2
4 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Tmem123
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Top2a
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)
Mmus\Cd164
7 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Cd164l2
4 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Tmem123
2 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)
Xtro\tmem123
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)
Drer\cd164
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\cd164l2
4 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\tmem123
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010727
6 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:vsg. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    CD164; CD164 molecule
    model of  autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 66
    IEA
    (FlyBase, 2019-)
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    CD164; CD164 molecule
    6 of 14
    603356
    CD164L2; CD164 molecule like 2
    4 of 14
        TMEM123; transmembrane protein 123
        4 of 14
        606356
             
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            Interaction Browsers
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            Interaction Browsers
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            External Data
            Linkouts
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Pathways
            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
            Metabolic Pathways
            FlyBase
            External Links
            External Data
            Linkouts
            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            Class of Gene
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            3L
            Recombination map
            3-31
            Cytogenetic map
            67C5-67C5
            Sequence location
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            67C5-67C5
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}fry02240 and P{lacW}l(3)L0539L0539&P{PZ}Dhh1rL562
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location

            3-31

            (FlyBase, 2016)

            3-24.1

            (Comeron et al., 2012)
            Left of (cM)
            Right of (cM)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (6)
            Genomic Clones (21)
            cDNA Clones (214)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

              For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

              cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
              BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              RNAi and Array Information
              Linkouts
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Antibody Information
              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
               
              Commercially Available Antibodies
               
              Cell Line Information
              Publicly Available Cell Lines
               
                Other Stable Cell Lines
                 
                Other Comments

                S2 cells treated with vsg dsRNA show a reduced growth rate compared to controls. This inhibition of growth is at least in part due to programmed cell death.

                (Zhou et al., 2006)

                snmRNA:838 is derived from the 3' UTR of vsg.

                (Yuan et al., 2003)

                Area matching Drosophila EST AA540197. This EST forms a 723bp contig with ESTs AA695503 and AA941503.

                (Davies, 2001.3.15)
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of

                Source for merge of: CG16707 BEST:GH15083

                (FlyBase, 1996-)

                Source for merge of: vsg anon-WO0118547.164

                (FlyBase, 1996-)
                Additional comments

                Source for merge of CG16707 BEST:GH15083 was a shared cDNA (GH15083) ( date:011030 ).

                (FlyBase, 1996-)

                Source for merge of vsg anon-WO0118547.164 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

                (FlyBase, 1996-)
                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of
                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology

                Given the name "visgun", after one of Pavlov's dogs.

                (Dubnau et al., 2003)
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 52 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                Linkouts
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                References (68)