FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\KFase

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\KFase

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Kynurenine formamidase

Annotation Symbol

CG9542

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0287695

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

6 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

arylformamidase (3.5.1.9)

Gene Summary

Kynurenine formamidase (KFase) encodes a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-formyl-L-kynurenine to L-kynurenine. KFase is involved in the catabolism of L-tryptophan to L-kynurenine, a precursor of the eye pigment ommochromes. [Date last reviewed: 2026-02-19] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

26D9-26D9

Sequence location

2L:6,487,342..6,488,756 [-]

Recombination map

2-20

RefSeq locus

NT_033779 REGION:6487342..6488756

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (4 terms)

Molecular Function (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables arylformamidase activity

inferred from direct assay

(Han et al., 2012, Sullivan et al., 1974)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables arylformamidase activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004595608

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR027519

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables hydrolase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR013094

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in L-tryptophan catabolic process

non-traceable author statement

(Han et al., 2012)

Cellular Component (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytosol

inferred by curator from GO:0004061

(Sullivan et al., 1974)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

UNCLASSIFIED CARBON-NITROGEN HYDROLASES OF LINEAR AMIDES

Pathway (FlyBase)

L-TRYPTOPHAN CATABOLISM

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the kynurenine formamidase family. (Q9VMC9)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

arylformamidase activity

N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+) (3.5.1.9)

RHEA 13009:

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

UNCLASSIFIED CARBON-NITROGEN HYDROLASES OF LINEAR AMIDES -: This group comprises carbon-nitrogen hydrolases of linear amides that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.

Pathway (FlyBase)

L-TRYPTOPHAN CATABOLISM -: L-tryptophan is an essential amino acid. Besides its role in protein biosynthesis, L-tryptophan is converted in the cytosol to L-kynurenine, which is then used to synthesize eye pigment ommochromes. In addition, L-tryptophan is a precursor for the biosynthesis of neurotransmitter serotonin and melatonin. Unlike in mammals, L-tryptophan cannot be used to produce NAD(+) or catabolised to acetyl-CoA because Dmel has no homolog of kynureninase that converts L-kynurenine to 3-hydroxyanthranilate. (Adapted from FBrf0161620, FBrf0256069 and PMID:29989284.)

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-formyl-L-kynurenine to L-kynurenine, the second step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation. Required for elimination of toxic metabolites.

(UniProt, Q9VMC9)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

Kf2

Structural gene for the second form of kynurenine formamidase in Drosophila melanogaster. Formamidase II is monomeric with a molecular weight of 31,000. Amino acid compositions of formamidase I and II are virtually indistinguishable, suggesting that they are duplicate genes. They do not interconvert in vitro. The supposed duplicate nature of the coding sequence postulated as the explanation of the inability to recover mutants defective in the conversion of N-formylkynurenine to kynurenine.

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\KFase for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9VMC9)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

KFase-RA

FBtr0079265

NM_135192

1002

300

KFase-RB

FBtr0339785

NM_001298747

1363

300

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

KFase-PA

FBpp0078895

34.9

300

6.13

FBpp0308832

34.9

300

6.13

Q9VMC9

NP_001285676

AHN54191

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

300 aa isoforms: KFase-PA, KFase-PB

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homodimer.

(UniProt, Q9VMC9)

Domain

The main chain amide nitrogen atoms of the second glycine and its adjacent residue in the HGGXW motif define the oxyanion hole, and stabilize the oxyanion that forms during the nucleophilic attack by the catalytic serine during substrate cleavage.

(UniProt, Q9VMC9)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\KFase using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

1.49

Transcript Expression

expression microarray

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult fat body

Comment: cyclical, peak ZT9-12

(Xu et al., 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

Expressed cyclically in the adult fat body.

(Xu et al., 2011)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\KFase in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\KFase

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\KFase

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

33907/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0287695

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0031821

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0287695

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG9542

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 2 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of KFase

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of KFase

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )

Gene disrupted in

Ts(YSt;4Rt)J96+Ts(2Lt;4Lt)J96+Ts(YLt;2Rt)H52

(Moore and Sullivan, 1978)

Inferred from location ( 5 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

KFase^GD14245

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

KFase^GD14245

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

KFase^GD14245

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

KFase^GD14245

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (9)

Hsap\AFMID

13 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (15)

Rnor\Afmid

13 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (18)

Mmus\Afmid

12 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (4)

Xtro\afmid

10 of 13

Yes

Xtro\b3gat2

1 of 13

Xtro\bche

1 of 13

Xtro\capn3

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (8)

Drer\afmid

12 of 14

Yes

Drer\si:dkey-193c22.1

3 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (14)

Cele\afmd-1

11 of 14

Yes

Cele\afmd-2

10 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (9)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP009433

11 of 12

Yes

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (23)

Atha\ICME-LIKE1

6 of 13

Yes

Atha\PCME

6 of 13

Yes

Atha\ICME-LIKE2

5 of 13

Yes

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)

Scer\BNA7

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\SAY1

1 of 13

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (4)

Spom\SPAPB1A11.02

2 of 12

Yes

Spom\SPAC4A8.06c

1 of 12

Spom\SPAC8F11.08c

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\SPAC1039.03

1 of 12

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (1)

Ecol\aes

1 of 11

Yes

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:KFase. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (5)

α-Est1

1 of 13

α-Est4

1 of 13

Est-Q

1 of 13

Hsl

1 of 13

Jhedup

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

AFMID; arylformamidase

13 of 14

621151

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

KFase - COX5B

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

KFase - Pfdn1

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

KFase - Pfdn5

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

KFase - Pfdn6

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

KFase - mgr

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homodimer.

(UniProt, Q9VMC9 )

Linkouts

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

L-TRYPTOPHAN CATABOLISM

External Links

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Class of Gene

gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-20

Cytogenetic map

26D9-26D9

Sequence location

2L:6,487,342..6,488,756 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

26D9-26D9

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}Sec61α^EP2180 and P{lacW}Ate1^k10809

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Determined by aneuploid mapping (details unspecified).

(Moore and Sullivan, 1978)

25A-27E

(Moore and Sullivan, 1978)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-20

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-20.8

(Comeron et al., 2012)

2-[14]

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (6)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

NIG-Fly

9542R-2

P{NIG.9542R}2

M2L-2249

y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; KFase^SK1 P{neoFRT}40A/CyO-Tb

M2L-2250

y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; KFase^SK2 P{neoFRT}40A/CyO-Tb

2LG-1786

y² VhaAC39-1^cho-1 v¹; P{U6-KFase.NIG.sgRNA}attP40/CyO

VDRC

v109675

P{KK102976}VIE-260B

v45622

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD14245}v45622

Genomic Clones (16)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (7)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

RH42281

Other clones

DPiM_RH42281

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Structural gene for the second form of kynurenine formamidase in D.melanogaster. Formamidase II is monomeric with a molecular weight of 31,000. Amino acid compositions of formamidase I and II are virtually indistinguishable, suggesting that they are duplicate genes. They do not interconvert in vitro. The supposed duplicate nature of the coding sequence postulated as the explanation of the inability to recover mutants defective in the conversion of N-formylkynurenine to kynurenine.

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: KFase Kf2

(Marygold, 2020.3.12)

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: KFase CG9542

(Han et al., 2012)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (7)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG9542

(Oxenkrug and Navrotska, 2023, National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Navrotskaya et al., 2018, Hosono et al., 2015, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Guruharsha et al., 2011, Napoletano et al., 2011, Xu et al., 2011, Kong et al., 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5)

KFase

(Kumar et al., 2021, Han et al., 2012)

Kf2

Name Synonyms

Kynurenine formamidase

Kynurenine formamidase 2

formamidase

(Navrotskaya et al., 2018)

kynurenine formamidase

(Han et al., 2012)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0031821
FBgn0001305

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 41 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

33907

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9VMC9

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9VMC9

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

X2J8X6

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9VMC9

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

33907/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0287695

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0287695

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG9542

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

33907

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

Linkouts

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0031821

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0287695

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG9542

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC034906

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

References (37)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

1.49

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