Blocking protein synthesis (using Rcom\RA[cs2.UAS] at 30[o]C) for the full 24 h between spaced training and testing in neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 pair of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R94B10 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R52G04, significantly impairs aversive olfactory long term memory in adults, compared to controls.

Acute inhibition of endocytosis (using shi^1.UAS at 32[o]C) in neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 pair of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R94B10 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R52G04 during testing, 24 h after spaced, but not massed, training significantly impairs aversive olfactory long term memory in adults, compared to controls.

Blocking synaptic transmission (using shi^{ts1.IVS.p10.20xScer\UAS} at 33[o]C) from neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 combination of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R49F03 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R52G04 significantly impairs visual (brightness discrimination conditioning) memory performance, compared to controls; there is no significant effect on memory after aversive color discrimination conditioning.

Blocking synaptic transmission (using shi^{ts1.IVS.p10.20xScer\UAS} at 33[o]C) from neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 combination of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R17C11 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R52G04 does not significantly impair visual (brightness discrimination conditioning) memory performance, compared to controls.

Inhibition (using shi^1.UAS at 32[o]C) of neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 pair of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R17C11 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R52G04 in adults during, or immediately after, training or during, but not immediately before, testing, significantly impairs long-term appetitive olfactory memory, compared to controls; inhibition does not affect short-term memory.

Thermogenetic activation (using TrpA1^UAS.(B).cKa at 30[o]C) of neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 pair of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R17C11 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R52G04 in adults, in combination with a paired odor, results in formation of a significant attractive olfactory long-term memory, compared to controls.

Thermogenetic activation (using TrpA1^UAS.(B).cKa at 28.5[o]C) of neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 pair of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R17C11 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R52G04, or Scer\GAL4^DBD.R94B10 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R52G04, in adult males does not significantly affect the amount of sleep, compared to controls; activation significantly increases locomotor activity of awake adult males, compared to controls.

Inhibition (using shi^{ts1.IVS.p10.20xUAS} at 31.5[o]C) of neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 pair of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R94B10 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R52G04 in adult males does not significantly affect locomotor activity of awake adult males, compared to controls.

Optogenetic activation (using Cnoc\ChR1::Csub\ChR^{CsChrimson.IVS.20xUAS.Venus} with 617 nm (red) light) of neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 pair of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R94B10 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R52G04 in adult females in an area of an arena significantly increases attraction to that area, compared to controls; there is no effect on angular speed or walking speed, compared to baseline, similar to controls; simultaneous activation of these cells and neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 pair of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R13F04 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R93D10, or Scer\GAL4^DBD.R19F09 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R25D01, also increases attraction, to a similar extent, or greater extent, respectively, compared to either subset alone.

Inhibition (using shi^{ts1.IVS.p10.20xUAS} at 31-33[o]C) of neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 pair of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R94B10 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R52G04 in adults during training, consolidation and testing does not substantially reduce aversive or attractive 2 h associative olfactory memory, or aversive or appetitive 1 min associative visual memory, compared to controls; inhibition during testing alone does not significantly reduce aversive 24 h associative olfactory memory, compared to controls; inhibition only during training and testing does not significantly reduce 24 h appetitive, or 30 min aversive, associative olfactory memory towards ethanol, compared to controls.

Thermogenetic activation (using TrpA1^UAS.(B).cKa or TrpA1^{20xUAS.JFRC124} at 28.5[o]C) of neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 pair of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R94B10 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R52G04 in adults significantly increases sleep, compared to controls, with no effect on social or locomotor behaviors.

Optogenetic activation (using Cnoc\ChR1::Csub\ChR^{CsChrimson.IVS.20xUAS.Venus} with 617 nm (red) light) of neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 pair of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R17C11 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R52G04 in adult females in an area of an arena does not significantly affect time spent in that area, compared to controls.

Inhibition (using shi^{ts1.IVS.p10.20xUAS}, but not shi^1.UAS, at 32[o]C) of neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 pair of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R17C11 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R52G04 in adults during training, consolidation and testing substantially reduces aversive 2 h associative olfactory memory, compared to controls; inhibition (using shi^{ts1.IVS.p10.20xUAS} or shi^1.UAS, at 32[o]C) substantially reduces attractive 2 h associative olfactory memory, compared to controls, with no effect on naive sugar attraction. Inhibition (using shi^{ts1.IVS.p10.20xUAS} at 31-33[o]C) does not significantly affect aversive or appetitive 1 min associative visual memory, compared to controls; this inhibition during testing alone does not significantly reduce aversive 24 h associative olfactory memory and inhibition only during training and testing does not significantly reduce 24 h appetitive, or 30 min aversive, associative olfactory memory towards ethanol, compared to controls.

Thermogenetic activation (using TrpA1^UAS.(B).cKa at 28.5[o]C) of neurons targeted by the split-GAL4 pair of Scer\GAL4^DBD.R17C11 and Hsap\RELA^AD.R52G04 in adults does not significantly affect sleep, compared to controls, and there is no effect on social or locomotor behaviors.